Insecticidal active mixtures comprising carboxamide compound

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures comprising as active compound I an insecticidal active carboxamide derivative and at least one active compound II selected from a group M comprising acteylcholine esterase inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acteylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activators, chloride channel activators, juvenile hormone mimics, homopteran feeding blockers, mit grow inhibitors, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of the oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis, moulting disruptors, ecdyson receptor agonists, octamin receptor agonists, inhibitors of the MET, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, ryanodine receptor modulators and other compounds as defined in the description, in synergistically effective amounts. 
     The invention relates further to methods and use of these mixtures for combating and controlling insects, arachnids or nematodes in and on plants, and for protecting such plants being infested with pests, especially also for protecting plant proparagation material, such as seeds.

This application is a National Stage application of InternationalApplication No. PCT/EP2014/072183, filed Oct. 16, 2014, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/892,504, filed Oct. 18,2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/906,438, filed Nov. 20,2013.

The present invention relates to mixtures of active ingredients havingsynergistically enhanced action and to methods comprising applying saidmixtures.

One typical problem arising in the field of pest control lies in theneed to reduce the dosage rates of the active ingredient in order toreduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effectswhilst still allowing effective pest control.

Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pestcontrol agents which are effective against a broad spectrum of pests.

There also exists the need for pest control agents that combineknow-down activity with prolonged control, that is, fast action withlong lasting action.

Another difficulty in relation to the use of pesticides is that therepeated and exclusive application of an individual pesticidal compoundleads in many cases to a rapid selection of pests which have developednatural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question.Therefore there is a need for pest control agents that help prevent orovercome resistance.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to providepesticidal mixtures which solves at least one of the discussed problemsas reducing the dosage rate, enhancing the spectrum of activity orcombining know-down activity with prolonged control or as to resistancemanagement.

It has been found that this object is in part or in whole achieved bythe combination of active compounds defined below.

The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures comprising asactive compounds

-   -   1) at least one pesticidal active carboxamide compound I of        formula (I):

-   -   or the tautomers, enantiomers, diastereomers or salts thereof,        and    -   2) at least one pesticidal active compound II selected from        group M consisting of    -   II-M.1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors from the class        of    -   II-M.1A carbamates, including aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb,        benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran,        carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate,        furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb,        oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox,        trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamate; or from the class        of    -   II-M.1B organophosphates, including acephate, azamethiphos,        azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos,        chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl,        coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon,        dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos,        disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos,        fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos,        isofenphos, isopropyl        O-(methoxyamino-thio-phosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion,        malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos,        monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion,        parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet,        phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos,        propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion,        quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,        tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon and        vamidothion;    -   II-M.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists such as:    -   II-M.2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, including        endosulfan or chlordane; or    -   II-M.2B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), including ethiprole,        fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole and pyriprole;    -   II-M.3 Sodium channel modulators from the class of    -   II-M.3A pyrethroids, including acrinathrin, allethrin,        d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin,        bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin,        cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin,        lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin,        alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin,        zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin,        esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate,        flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox,        imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin,        permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin        (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin,        tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin and        transfluthrin; or    -   II-M.3B sodium channel modulators such as DDT or methoxychlor;    -   II-M.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nAChR) from        the class of    -   II-M.4A neonicotinoids, including acetamiprid, chlothianidin,        cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid        and thiamethoxam; or the compounds    -   II-M.4A.1:        1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-(5S,8R)-5,8-Epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine;        or    -   II-M.4A.2:        (2E-)-1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N′-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide;        or    -   II-M.4A.3:        1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine        II-M.4B nicotine.    -   II-M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators        from the class of spinosyns, including spinosad or spinetoram;    -   II-M.6 Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins        and milbemycins, including abamectin, emamectin benzoate,        ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;    -   II-M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics, such as    -   II-M.7A juvenile hormone analogues as hydroprene, kinoprene and        methoprene; or others as    -   II-M.7B fenoxycarb, or    -   II-M.7C pyriproxyfen;    -   II-M.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors,        including    -   II-M.8A alkyl halides as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides,        or    -   II-M.8B chloropicrin, or    -   II-M.8C sulfuryl fluoride, or    -   II-M.8D borax, or    -   II-M.8E tartar emetic;    -   II-M.9 Selective homopteran feeding blockers, including    -   II-M.9B pymetrozine, or    -   II-M.9C flonicamid;    -   II-M.10 Mite growth inhibitors, including    -   II-M.10A clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin, or    -   II-M.10B etoxazole;    -   II-M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes,        including Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus sphaericus and the        insecticidal proteins they produce such as Bacillus        thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus        thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.        kurstaki and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, or the        Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A,        Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34/35Ab1;    -   II-M.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, including    -   II-M.12A diafenthiuron, or    -   II-M.12B organotin miticides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin or        fenbutatin oxide, or    -   II-M.12C propargite, or    -   II-M.12D tetradifon;    -   II-M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption        of the proton gradient, including chlorfenapyr, DNOC or        sulfluramid;    -   II-M.14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel        blockers, including nereistoxon analogues as bensultap, cartap        hydrochloride, thiocyclam or thiosultap sodium;    -   II-M.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0, such as        benzoylureas including bis-trifluron, chlorfluazuron,        diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron,        lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron or        triflumuron;    -   II-M.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1, including        buprofezin;    -   II-M.17 Moulting disruptors, Dipteran, including cyromazine;    -   II-M.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists such as diacylhydrazines,        including methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide,        fufenozide or chromafenozide;    -   II-M.19 Octopamin receptor agonists, including amitraz;    -   II-M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors,        including    -   II-M.20A hydramethylnon, or    -   II-M.20B acequinocyl, or    -   II-M.20C fluacrypyrim;    -   II-M.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors,        including    -   II-M.21A METI acaricides and insecticides such as fenazaquin,        fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or        tolfenpyrad, or    -   II-M.21B rotenone;    -   II-M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, including    -   II-M.22A indoxacarb, or    -   II-M.22B metaflumizone; or    -   II-M.22B M.22B.1:        2-[2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide        or M.22B.2:        N-(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;    -   II-M.23 Inhibitors of the acetyl CoA carboxylase, including        Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives, including spirodiclofen,        spiromesifen or spirotetramat;    -   II-M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors,        including    -   II-M.24A phosphine such as aluminium phosphide, calcium        phosphide, phosphine or zinc phosphide, or    -   II-M.24B cyanide.    -   II-M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors,        such as beta-ketonitrile derivatives, including cyenopyrafen or        cyflumetofen;    -   II-M.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of        diamides, including flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole        (Rynaxypyr®), cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr®), or the phthalamide        compounds    -   II-M.28.1:        (R)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid        and    -   II-M.28.2:        (S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid,        or the compound    -   II-M.28.3:        3-bromo-N-{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide        (proposed ISO name: cyclaniliprole), or the compound    -   II-M.28.4:        methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate;

or a compound selected from M.28.5a) to M.28.5l):

-   -   II-M.28.5a)        N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5b)        N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5c)        N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5d)        N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5e)        N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(difluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5f)        N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5g)        N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-cyano-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5h)        N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5i)        N-[2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5j)        3-Chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5k)        3-Bromo-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;    -   II-M.28.5l)        N-[4-Chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;        or a compound selected from    -   II-M.28.6:        N-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-iodobenzene-1,2-dicarboxamide;        or    -   II-M.28.7:        3-Chloro-N-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-benzene-1,2-dicarboxamide;    -   II-M.28.8a)        1-(3-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;        or    -   II-M.28.8b)        1-(3-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;    -   II-M.X insecticidal active compounds of unknown or uncertain        mode of action, including afidopyropen, afoxolaner,        azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate,        bromopropylate, chinomethionat, cryolite, dicofol, flufenerim,        flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluopyram, flupyradifurone,        fluralaner, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyflubumide,        pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, sulfoxaflor, tioxazafen,        triflumezopyrim), or the compounds    -   II-M.X.1:        4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide,        or the compound    -   II-M.X.2:        4-[5-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]N-[2-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)ethyl]naphthalene-1-carboxamide        r, or the compound    -   II-M.X.3:        11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-en-10-one,        or the compound    -   II-M.X.4        3-(4′-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one,        or the compound    -   II-M.X.5:        1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine,        or    -   II-M.X.6: a compound selected from the group of    -   II-M.X.6a:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6b:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[(6-chloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6c:        (E/Z)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[1-[(6-fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6d:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[(6-bromo-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6e:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[1-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6f:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2-difluoro-acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6g:        (E/Z)-2-chloro-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2-difluoro-acetamide;    -   II-M.X.6h:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide        and    -   II-M.X.6i:        (E/Z)-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propanamide),        or    -   II-M.X.6j:        N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-thioacetamide,        or    -   II-M.X.7:        3-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-oxo-1-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium-2-olate;        or    -   II-M.X.8:        8-chloro-N-[2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-6-trifluoromethyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide;        or    -   II-M.X.9:        4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide;        or    -   II-M.X.10:        5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole;        or a compound selected from the group of II.M.X.11, wherein the        compound is selected from M.X.11b) to II-M.X.11p):    -   II-M.X.11.b)        3-(benzoylmethylamino)-N-[2-bromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.c)        3-(benzoylmethylamino)-2-fluoro-N-[2-iodo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.d)        N-[3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.e)        N-[3-[[[2-bromo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-fluorophenyl]-4-fluoro-N-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.f)        4-fluoro-N-[2-fluoro-3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.g)        3-fluoro-N-[2-fluoro-3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.h)        2-chloro-N-[3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide;    -   II-M.X.11.i)        4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.j)        4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.k)        N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.l)        N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.m)        N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.n)        4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.o)        4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;    -   II-M.X.11.p)        N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;        or a compound selected from the group of M.X.12, wherein the        compound is selected from II-M.X.12a) to II-M.X.12m):    -   II-M.X.12.a)        2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine;    -   II-M.X.12.b)        2-[6-[2-(5-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;    -   II-M.X.12.c)        2-[6-[2-(3-Pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;    -   II-M.X.12.d)        N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide    -   II-M.X.12.e)        N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide    -   II-M.X.12.f)        N-Ethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.g)        N-Methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.h)        N,2-Dimethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.i)        N-Ethyl-2-methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.j)        N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-2-methyl-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.k)        N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N,2-dimethyl-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.l)        N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-methyl-3-methylthio-propanamide    -   II-M.X.12.m)        N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-3-methylthio-propanamide;        or the compound    -   II-M.X.13:        2-(4-methoxyiminocyclohexyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropylsulfonyl)acetonitrile;        or the compounds    -   II-M.X.14a)        1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine;        or    -   II-M.X.14b)        1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;        or the compound    -   II-M.X.15:        1-[(2-Chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-9-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium-2-olate;    -   or    -   II-M.Y Biopesticides, being pesticidal compounds of biological        origin with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and/or        nematicidal activity, including    -   II-M.Y-1: Microbial pesticides: Bacillus firmus (Votivo®), B.        thuringiensis ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp.        kurstaki, Beauveria bassiana, Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium        subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, Isaria fumosorosea,        Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium        lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum,        Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Paenibacillus        poppiliae, Pasteuria spp., P. nishizawae (Clariva®), P.        reneformis, P. usagae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Steinernema        feltiae, Streptomces galbus;        -   Or    -   II-M.Y-2 Biochemical pesticides: L-carvone, citral,        (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, ethyl formate,        (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester),        (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl        myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, 2-methyl 1-butanol, methyl        eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol,        (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate,        (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, R-1-octen-3-ol, pentatermanone,        potassium silicate, sorbitol actanoate,        (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate,        (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ylacetate, Z-7-tetradecen-2-one,        Z-9-tetradecen-1-ylacetate, Z-11-tetradecenal,        Z-11-tetradecen-1-ol, Acacia negra extract, extract of        grapefruit seeds and pulp, extract of Chenopodium ambrosiodae,        Catnip oil, Neem oil, Quillay extract, Tagetes oil or components        of the ginkgo tree selected from the group consisting of        bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide        J and ginkgolide M;

in synergistically effective amounts.

Moreover, it has been found that simultaneous, that is joint orseparate, application of the active compound I and one or morecompound(s) II or successive application (that is immediately one afteranother and thereby creating the mixture “in-situ” on the desiredlocation, as e.g. the plant) of the active compound land one or moreactive compound(s) II allows enhanced control of pests compared to thecontrol rates that are possible with the individual compounds.

The present invention also provides methods for the control of insects,acarids or nematodes comprising contacting the insect, acarid ornematode or their food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locuswith a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active compound Iwith at least one active compound II.

Moreover, the present invention also relates to a method of protectingplants from attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodescomprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plantis growing, with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture of activecompound I with at least one active compound II.

The invention also provides a method for the protection of plantpropagation material, preferably seeds, from soil insects and of theseedlings' roots and shoots from soil and foliar insects which comprisescontacting the plant propagation material as e.g. the seeds beforesowing and/or after pregermination with a pesticidally effective amountof a mixture of active compound I with at least one active compound II.

The invention also provides seeds comprising a mixture of activecompound I with at least one active compound II.

The invention also relates to the use of a mixture of active compound Iwith at least one active compound II for combating insects, arachnids ornematodes.

Moreover, the simultaneous (that is joint or separate, application ofone or more active compound(s) I and one or more compound(s) II), orsuccessive application (that is immediately one after another andthereby creating the mixture “in-situ” on the desired location, as e.g.the plant, of one or more active compound(s) I and one or more activecompound(s) II) with an additional fungicidal active compound III allowsenhanced control of pests and fungi compared to the control rates thatare possible with the individual compounds.

Thus, the present invention further includes mixtures comprising as anadditional active compound III an fungicidal compound selected from thegroup F of fungicides.

The group F consists of:

F.I) Respiration inhibitors

F.I 1) Inhibitors of complex III at Q_(o) site (e.g. strobilurins):azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin,enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin,fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobine, metominostrobin,orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin,pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin and2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide,pyribencarb, triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone;

F.I 2) inhibitors of complex III at Q_(i) site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom,[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate,[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate,[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-isobutoxycarbonyloxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate,[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate;(3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl2-methylpropanoate

F.I 3) inhibitors of complex II (e.g. carboxamides): benodanil,benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram,flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil,oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam,thifluzamide,N-(4′-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide,3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide,1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide,3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide,1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,N-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide;

F.I 4) other respiration inhibitors (e.g. complex I, uncouplers):diflumetorim,(5,8-difluoro-quinazolin-4-yl)-{2-[2-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-ethyly}-amine;nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam;ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate,fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;

F.II) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

F.II 1) C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides): triazoles:azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole,diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole,fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole,ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole,penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole,tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole,1-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-5-thiocyanato-1H-[1,2,4]triazole,2-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-2H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol,2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol,1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-cyclopropyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol,2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol;imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol; pyrimidines,pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine,[3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol;

F.II 2) Delta14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph,dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin,spiroxamine;

F.II 3) Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenhexamid;

F.III) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

F.III 1) phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl,benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace,oxadixyl;

F.III 2) others: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate,5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine,5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine;

F.IV) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

F.IV 1) tubulin inhibitors, such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates:benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl;triazolopyrimidines:5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

F.IV 2) other cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb, ethaboxam,pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;

F.V) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis

F.V 1) methionine synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines):cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil;

F.V 2) protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin,kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin,oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;

F.VI) Signal transduction inhibitors

F.VI 1) MAP/histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid, iprodione,procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;

F.VI 2) G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen;

F.VII) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

F.VII 1) Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenfos,pyrazophos, isoprothiolane;

F.VII 2) lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene,tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;

F.VII 3) phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition:dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb,iprovalicarb, valifenalate andN-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl)carbamicacid-(4-fluorophenyl)ester;

F.VII 4) compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acids:propamocarb, propamocarb-hydrochlorid

F.VII 5) fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: oxathiapiprolin;

F.VIII) Inhibitors with Multi Site Action

F.VIII 1) inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate,copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;

F.VIII 2) thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam,metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;

F.VIII 3) organochlorine compounds (e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides,chloronitriles): anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet,dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole andits salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid,N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzensulfonamide;

F.VIII 4) guanidines and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base,guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate,iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon,2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone;

F.IX) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

F.IX 1) inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin, polyoxin B;

F.IX 2) melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole,carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil;

F.X) Plant defense inducers

F.X 1) acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil,prohexadione-calcium;

F.X 2) phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and itssalts, 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide;

F.XI) Unknown mode of action

bronopol, chinomethionat, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb,diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin,fenpyrazamine, flumetover, flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb,nitrapyrin, nitrothal-isopropyl, oxathiapiprolin, picarbutrazox,tolprocarb,2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone,2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone,2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone,oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide,2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one,N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenylacetamide,N′-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine,N′-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, methoxy-acetic acid6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester,3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine(pyrisoxazole), N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropane-carboxylic acidamide,5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole,2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide,ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate, pentylN-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate,2-[2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]-6-fluoro-phenyl]propan-2-ol,2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol,3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline,3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline,3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline;

F.XII) Biopesticides

F.XII 1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidaland/or plant defense activator activity: Ampelomyces quisqualis,Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,B. mojavensis, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B.subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana,Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans,Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Dilophosphora alopecuri,Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also namedGliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Lysobacter antibioticus,L. enzymogenes, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum,Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Muscodor albus, Paenibacillus polymyxa,Pantoea vagans, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonaschloraphis, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum,Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, Streptomyces griseoviridis, S. lydicus, S.violaceusniger, Talaromyces flavus, Trichoderma asperellum, T.atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum, T. harzianum; mixture ofT. harzianum and T. viride; mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum;T. stromaticum, T. virens (also named Gliocladium virens), T. viride,Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia,zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);

F.XII 2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidaland/or plant defense activator activity: chitosan (hydrolysate), harpinprotein, laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coatprotein, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, Reynoutria sachlinensisextract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;

Compound I

Carboxamide derivatives showing generally pesticidal activity have beendescribed previously. WO200573165 and WO2010018714 describe carboxamidecompounds, their preparation and their use as pest control agents.WO2007013150, JP2011-157294, JP2011-157295 and JP2011-157296 describemixtures of carboxamides with other active ingredients. Preparation ofthe compound of formula I can further be accomplished according tostandard methods of organic chemistry, e.g. by the methods or workingexamples described in WO 2010/018857 without being limited to the routesgiven therein.

The prior art does not disclose pesticidal mixtures comprising suchselective carboxamide compound according to the present inventionshowing unexpected and synergistic effects in combination with otherpesticidically active compounds.

The compound I of formula (I) includes its tautomers, racemic mixtures,individual pure enantiomers and diasteroemers and the optically activemixtures.

Compounds II

The above list M of pesticides, is grouped and numbered according theMode of Action Classification of the Insecticide Resistance ActionCommittee (IRAC).

The commercially available compounds II of the group M listed above maybe found in The Pesticide Manual, 15th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, BritishCrop Protection Council (2011) among other publications.

The neonicotinoid cycloxaprid is known from WO20120/069266 andWO2011/06946, and the neonicotinoid compound II-M.4A.2, sometimes alsoto be named as Guadipyr, is known from WO2013/003977, and theneonicotinoid compound II-M.4A.3. (approved as paichongding in China) isknown from WO2010/069266. The Metaflumizone analogue II-M.22B.1 isdescribed in CN 10171577 and the analogue II-M.22B.2 in CN102126994. Thephthalamides II-M.28.1 and II-M.28.2 are both known from WO 2007/101540.The anthranilamide II-M.28.3 has been described in WO2005/077934. Thehydrazide compound II-M.28.4 has been described in WO 2007/043677. Theanthranilamides II-M.28.5a) to II-M.28.5h) can be prepared as describedin WO 2007/006670, WO2013/024009 and WO2013/024010, the anthranilamidecompound II-M.28.5i) is described in WO2011/085575, the compoundII-M.28.5j) in WO2008/134969, the compound II-M.28.5k) in US2011/046186and the compound II-M.28.5l) in WO2012/034403. The diamide compoundsII-M.28.6 and II-M.28.7 can be found in CN102613183. The anthranilamideamide compounds II-M.28.8a) and II-M.28.8b) are known fromWO2010/069502.

The quinoline derivative flometoquin is shown in WO2006/013896. Theaminofuranone compounds flupyradifurone is known from WO 2007/115644.The sulfoximine compound sulfoxaflor is known from WO2007/149134. Fromthe pyrethroids group momfluorothrin is known from U.S. Pat. No.6,908,945 and heptafluthrin from WO10133098. The oxadiazolone compoundmetoxadiazone can be found in JP13/166707. The pyrazole acaricidepyflubumide is known from WO2007/020986. The isoxazoline compounds havebeen described in following publications: fluralaner in WO2005/085216,afoxolaner in WO2009/002809 and in WO2011/149749 and the isoxazolinecompound II-M.X.9 in WO2013/050317. The pyripyropene derivativeafidopyropen has been described in WO 2006/129714. The nematicidetioxazafen has been disclosed in WO09023721 and nematicide fluopyram inWO2008126922, nematicidal mixtures comprising flupyram in WO2010108616.The triflumezopyrim compound was described in WO2012/092115.

The spiroketal-substituted cyclic ketoenol derivative II-M.X.3 is knownfrom WO2006/089633 and the biphenyl-substituted spirocyclic ketoenolderivative II-M.X.4 from WO2008/067911. The triazoylphenylsulfideII-M.X.5 has been described in WO2006/043635, and biological controlagents on basis of Bacillus firmus in WO2009/124707.

The compounds II-M.X.6a) to II-M.X.6i) listed under II-M.X.6 have beendescribed in WO2012/029672 and compounds II-M.X.6j) and II-M.X.6k) inWO2013129688. The nematicide compound II-M.X.8 in WO2013/055584 and thePyridalyl-type analogue II-M.X.10 in WO2010/060379. The carboxamidecompounds II-M.X.11.b) to II-M.X.11.h) can be prepared as described inWO 2010/018714 and the carboxamide II-M.X.11i) to M.X.11.p) aredescribed WO2010/127926. The pyridylthiazoles II-M.X.12.a) to M.X.12.c)are known from WO2010/006713, II-M.X.12.c) and II-M.X.12.d) WO2012000896and II-M.X.12.f) to II-M.X.12.m) in WO2010129497. The malononitrilecompound II-M.X.13 was described in WO2009/005110. The compoundsII-M.X.14a) and II-M.X.14b) are known from WO2007/101369. The compoundII-M.X.15 can be found in WO13192035.

The biopesticides of group II-M.Y. are disclosed further below in theparagraphs about biopesticides (from groups II-M.Y and F.XII).

Compounds III

The active compounds III mentioned above of groups F.I to F.XI arefungicidal active pesticides of chemical nature described by commonnames. Their preparation and their activity against pests is known (cf:http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these pesticides are oftencommercially available.

The fungicidal pesticides described by IUPAC nomenclature, theirpreparation and their pesticidal activity is also known (cf. Can. J.Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031; EP-A 226917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,296,272;3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501; WO 01/56358; WO02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491; WO04/49804; WO 04/83193; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624, WO 11/028657, WO2012/168188, WO2007/006670, WO 11/77514; WO13/047749, WO 10/069882, WO 13/047441, WO03/16303, WO 09/90181, WO 13/007767, WO 13/010862, WO 13/024009 and WO13/024010).

Biopesticides as Compound II or Compound III

The biopesticides from group II.M.Y or F.XII, their preparation andtheir pesticidal activity e.g. against harmful fungi or insects areknown (e-Pesticide Manual V 5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-2011);http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/, see product lists therein;http://www.omri.org/omri-lists, see lists therein; Bio-PesticidesDatabase BPDB http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/bpdb/, see A to Z linktherein).

The biopesticides from group II.M.Y or F.XII. may also haveinsecticidal, fungicidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, viricidal,bactericidal, pheromone, nematicidal, plant defense activator, plantstress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting, plantgrowth regulator and/or yield enhancing activity.

Many of these biopesticides are registered and/or are commerciallyavailable: aluminium silicate (Screen™ Duo from Certis LLC, USA),Agrobacterium radio-bacter K1026 (e.g. NoGall® from Becker Underwood PtyLtd., Australia), A. radiobacter K84 (Nature 280, 697-699, 1979; e.g.GallTroll® from AG Biochem, Inc., C, USA), Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10(e.g. AQ 10® from Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, Germany), Ascophyllumnodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract or filtrate (e.g. ORKA GOLDfrom Becker Underwood, South Africa; or Goemar® from LaboratoiresGoemar, France), Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 isolated from a peanut inGeorgia in 1991 by the USDA, National Peanut Research Laboratory (e.g.in Afla-Guard® from Syngenta, CH), mixtures of Aureobasidium pullulansDSM14940 and DSM 14941 (e.g. blasto-spores in BlossomProtect® frombio-ferm GmbH, Germany), Azospirillum brasilense XOH (e.g. AZOS fromXtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International;USA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 (e.g. in RhizoVital® 42 fromAbiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany), B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a (J.Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17(2), 280-286, 2007; e.g. in BioYield® fromGustafson LLC, TX, USA), B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 (CNCM I-3800) (e.g.Rhizocell C from ITHEC, France), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarumMBI600 (NRRL B-50595, deposited at United States Department ofAgriculture) (e.g. Integral®, Subtilex® NG from Becker Underwood, USA),B. cereus CNCM I-1562 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690), B. firmus CNCM I-1582(WO 2009/126473, WO 2009/124707, U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690; Votivo® fromBayer Crop Science LP, USA), B. pumilus GB34 (ATCC 700814; e.g. inYieldShield® from Gustafson LLC, TX, USA), and Bacillus pumilus KFP9F(NRRL B-50754) (e.g. in BAC-UP or FUSION-P from Becker Underwood SouthAfrica), B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087) (e.g. Sonata® and Ballad®Plus from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B. subtilis GB03 (e.g. Kodiak® orBioYield® from Gustafson, Inc., USA; or Companion® from Growth Products,Ltd., White Plains, N.Y. 10603, USA), B. subtilis GB07 (Epic® fromGustafson, Inc., USA), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 in Rhapsody®,Serenade® MAX and Serenade® ASO from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B. subtilisvar. amylolique-faciens FZB24 (e.g. Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals,Inc., USA), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747 (e.g. Double Nickel55 from Certis LLC, USA), B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857 (e.g.in Xen-Tari® from BioFa AG, Münsingen, Germany), B. t. ssp. aizawai SAN401 I, ABG-6305 and ABG-6346, Bacillus t. ssp. israelensis AM65-52 (e.g.in VectoBac® from Valent BioSciences, IL, USA), Bacillus thuringiensisssp. kurstaki SB4 (NRRL B-50753; e.g. Beta Pro® from Becker Underwood,South Africa), B. t. ssp. kurstaki ABTS-351 identical to HD-1 (ATCCSD-1275; e.g. in Dipel® DF from Valent BioSciences, IL, USA), B. t. ssp.kurstaki EG 2348 (e.g. in Lepinox® or Rapax® from CBC (Europe) S.r.I.,Italy), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis DSM 2803 (EP 0 585 215 B1; identical toNRRL B-15939; Mycogen Corp.), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-125 (DSM 5526;EP 0 585 215 B1; also referred to as SAN 4181 or ABG-6479; formerproduction strain of Novo-Nordisk), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-176 (orNB-176-1) a gamma-irridated, induced high-yielding mutant of strainNB-125 (DSM 5480; EP 585 215 B1; Novodor® from Valent BioSciences,Switzerland), Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 (e.g. in Naturalis® from CBC(Europe) S.r.I., Italy), B. bassiana DSM 12256 (US 200020031495; e.g.BioExpert® SC from Live Systems Technology S.A., Colombia), B. bassianaGHA (BotaniGard® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), B. bassiana PPRI5339 (ARSEF number 5339 in the USDA ARS collection of entomopathogenicfungal cultures; NRRL 50757) (e.g. BroadBand® from Becker Underwood,South Africa), B. brongniartii (e.g. in Melocont® from Agrifutur,Agrianello, Italy, for control of cockchafer; J. Appl. Microbiol.100(5),1063-72, 2006), Bradyrhizobium sp. (e.g. Vault® from BeckerUnderwood, USA), B. japonicum (e.g. VAULT® from Becker Underwood, USA),Candida oleophila I-182 (NRRL Y-18846; e.g. Aspire® from Ecogen Inc.,USA, Phytoparasitica 23(3), 231-234, 1995), C. oleophila strain O (NRRLY-2317; Biological Control 51, 403-408, 2009) Candida saitoana (e.g.Biocure® (in mixture with lysozyme) and BioCoat® from Micro Flo Company,USA (BASF SE) and Arysta), Chitosan (e.g. Armour-Zen® from BotriZenLtd., NZ), Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata, also named Gliocladiunncatenulatum (e.g. isolate J 1446: Prestop® from Verdera Oy, Finland),Chromobacterium subtsugae PRAA4-1 isolated from soil under an easternhemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the Catoctin Mountain region of centralMaryland (e.g. in GRANDE-VO from Marrone Bio Innovations, USA),Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91-08 (e.g. Contans® WG from Prophyta,Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (e.g. Endothia parasitica from CNICM,France), Cryptococcus albidus (e.g. YIELD PLUS® from AnchorBio-Technologies, South Africa), Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus(CrleGV) (e.g. in CRYPTEX from Adermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland), Cydiapomonella granulovirus (CpGV) V03 (DSM GV-0006; e.g. in MADEX Max fromAndermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland), CpGV V22 (DSM GV-0014; e.g. in MADEXTwin from Adermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland), Delftia acidovorans RAY209(ATCC PTA-4249; WO 2003/57861; e.g. in BIOBOOST from Brett Young,Winnipeg, Canada), Dilophosphora alopecuri (Twist Fungus from BeckerUnderwood, Australia), Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract (e.g. KEL-PAK SLfrom Kelp Products Ltd, South Africa), formononetin (e.g. in MYCONATEfrom Plant Health Care plc, U.K.), Fusarium oxysporum (e.g. BIOFOX® fromS.I.A.P.A., Italy, FUSAC-LEAN® from Natural Plant Protection, France),Glomus intraradices (e.g. MYC 4000 from ITH-EC, France), Glomusintraradices RTI-801 (e.g. MYKOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTIReforestation Technologies International; USA), grapefruit seeds andpulp extract (e.g. BC-1000 from Chemie S.A., Chile), harpin (alpha-beta)protein (e.g. MESSENGER or HARP-N-Tek from Plant Health Care plc, U.K.;Science 257, 1-132, 1992), Heterorhabditis bacteriophaga (e.g. Nemasys®G from Becker Underwood Ltd., UK), Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 (ATCC20874) (PFR-97™ from Certis LLC, USA), cis-jasmone (U.S. Pat. No.8,221,736), laminarin (e.g. in VAC-CIPLANT from Laboratoires Goemar, St.Malo, France or Stähler SA, Switzerland), Lecanicillium longisporum KV42and KV71 (e.g. VERTALEC® from Koppert BV, Netherlands), L. muscariumKV01 (formerly Verticillium lecanii) (e.g. MYCOTAL from Koppert BV,Netherlands), Lysobacter antibioticus 13-1 (Biological Control 45,288-296, 2008), L. antibioticus HS124 (Curr. Microbiol. 59(6), 608-615,2009), L. enzymogenes 3.1T8 (Microbiol. Res. 158, 107-115; BiologicalControl 31(2), 145-154, 2004), Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI330189 (isolated from Ornithacris cavroisi in Niger; also NRRL 50758)(e.g. GREEN MUSCLE® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), M. a. var.acridum FI-985 (e.g. GREEN GUARD® SC from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd,Australia), M. anisopliae FI-1045 (e.g. BIOCANE® from Becker UnderwoodPty Ltd, Australia), M. anisopliae F52 (DSM 3884, ATCC 90448; e.g.MET52® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), M. anisopliae ICIPE69 (e.g. METATHRIPOL from ICIPE, Nairobe, Kenya), Metschnikowiafructicola (NRRL Y-30752; e.g. SHEMER® from Agrogreen, Israel, nowdistributed by Bayer CropSciences, Germany; U.S. Pat. No. 6,994,849),Microdochium dimerum (e.g. ANTIBOT® from Agrauxine, France),Microsphaeropsis ochracea P130A (ATCC 74412 isolated from apple leavesfrom an abandoned orchard, St-Joseph-du-Lac, Quebec, Canada in 1993;Mycologia 94(2), 297-301, 2002), Muscodor albus QST 20799 originallyisolated from the bark of a cinnamon tree in Honduras (e.g. indevelopment products Muscudor™ or QRD300 from AgraQuest, USA), Neem oil(e.g. TRILOGY®, TRIACT® 70 EC from Certis LLC, USA), Nomuraea rileyistrains SA86101, GU87401, SR86151, CG128 and VA9101, Paecilomycesfumosoroseus FE 9901 (e.g. NO FLY™ from Natural Industries, Inc., USA),P. lilacinus 251 (e.g. in BioAct®/MeloCon® from Prophyta, Germany; CropProtection 27, 352-361, 2008; originally isolated from infected nematodeeggs in the Philippines), P. lilacinus DSM 15169 (e.g. NEMATA® SC fromLive Systems Technology S.A., Colombia), P. lilacinus BCP2 (NRRL 50756;e.g. PL GOLD from Becker Underwood BioAg SA Ltd, South Africa), mixtureof Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (NRRL B-50755), Pantoea vagans (formerlyagglomerans) C9-1 (originally isolated in 1994 from apple stem tissue;BlightBan C9-1® from NuFrams America Inc., USA, for control of fireblight in apple; J. Bacteriol. 192(24) 6486-6487, 2010), Pasteuria spp.ATCC PTA-9643 (WO 2010/085795), Pasteuria spp. ATCC SD-5832 (WO2012/064527), P. nishizawae (WO 2010/80169), P. penetrans (U.S. Pat. No.5,248,500), P. ramose (WO 2010/80619), P. thornea (WO 2010/80169), P.usgae (WO 2010/80169), Penicillium bilaiae (e.g. Jump Start® fromNovozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada, originally isolated from soilin southern Alberta; Fertilizer Res. 39, 97-103, 1994), Phlebiopsisgigantea (e.g. RotStop® from Verdera Oy, Finland), Pichia anomalaWRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842; U.S. Pat. No. 8,206,972), potassium bicarbonate(e.g. Amicarb® fromm Stähler SA, Switzerland), potassium silicate (e.g.Sil-MATRIX™ from Certis LLC, USA), Pseudozyma flocculosa PF-A22 UL (e.g.Sporodex® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada), Pseudomonas sp. DSM13134 (WO 2001/40441, e.g. in PRORADIX from Sourcon Padena GmbH & Co.KG, Hechinger Str. 262, 72072 Tubingen, Germany), P. chloraphis MA 342(e.g. in CERALL or CEDEMON from BioAgri AB, Uppsala, Sweden), P.fluorescens CL 145A (e.g. in ZEQUANOX from Marrone BioInnovations,Davis, Calif., USA; J. Invertebr. Pathol. 113(1):104-14, 2013), Pythiumoligandrum DV 74 (ATCC 38472; e.g. POLYVERSUM® from Remeslo SSRO,Biopreparaty, Czech Rep. and GOWAN, USA; US 2013/0035230), Reynoutriasachlinensis extract (e.g. REGALIA® SC from Marrone BioInnovations,Davis, Calif., USA), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii (e.g.RHIZO-STICK from Becker Underwood, USA), R. l. trifolii RP113-7 (e.g.DORMAL from Becker Underwood, USA; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44(5),1096-1101), R. l. bv. viciae P1NP3Cst (also referred to as 1435; NewPhytol 179(1), 224-235, 2008; e.g. in NODULATOR PL Peat Granule fromBecker Underwood, USA; or in NODULATOR XL PL b from Becker Underwood,Canada), R. l. bv. viciae SU303 (e.g. NODULAID Group E from BeckerUnderwood, Australia), R. l. bv. viciae WSM1455 (e.g. NODULAID Group Ffrom Becker Underwood, Australia), R. tropici SEMIA 4080 (identical toPRF 81; Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39, 867-876, 2007), Sinorhizobiummeliloti MSDJ0848 (INRA, France) also referred to as strain 2011 orRCR2011 (Mol Gen Genomics (2004) 272: 1-17; e.g. DORMAL ALFALFA fromBecker Underwood, USA; NITRAGIN® Gold from Novozymes Biologicals BioAgGroup, Canada), Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 (WO2011/022809), Steinernema carpocapsae (e.g. MILLENIUM® from BeckerUnderwood Ltd., UK), S. feltiae (NEMASHIELD® from BioWorks, Inc., USA;NEMASYS® from Becker Underwood Ltd., UK), S. kraussei L137 (NEMASYS® Lfrom Becker Underwood Ltd., UK), Streptomyces griseoviridis K61 (e.g.MY-COSTOP® from Verdera Oy, Espoo, Finland; Crop Protection 25, 468-475,2006), S. lydicus WYEC 108 (e.g. Actinovate® from Natural Industries,Inc., USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,584), S. violaceusniger YCED-9 (e.g.DT-9® from Natural Industries, Inc., USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,503),Talaromyces flavus V117b (e.g. PROTUS® from Prophyta, Germany),Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 (e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd., Japan), T. asperellum ICC 012 (e.g. in TENET WP,REMDIER WP, BIOTEN WP from Isagro N.C., USA, BIO-TAM from AgraQuest,USA), T. atroviride LC52 (e.g. SENTINEL® from Agrimm Technologies Ltd,NZ), T. atroviride CNCM I-1237 (e.g. in Esquive WG from Agrauxine S.A.,France, e.g. against pruning wound diseases on vine and plant rootpathogens), T. fertile JM41R (NRRL 50759; e.g. RICHPLUS™ from BeckerUnderwood Bio Ag SA Ltd, South Africa), T. gamsii ICC 080 (e.g. in TENETWP, REMDIER WP, BIOTEN WP from Isagro N.C., USA, BIO-TAM from AgraQuest,USA), T. harzianum T-22 (e.g. PLANTSHIELD® der Firma BioWorks Inc.,USA), T. harzianum TH 35 (e.g. ROOT PRO® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel),T. harzianum T-39 (e.g. TRICHODEX® and TRICHODERMA 2000® from MycontrolLtd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel), T. harzianum and T. viride(e.g. TRICHOPEL from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), T. harzianum ICC012and T. viride ICC080 (e.g. REMEDIER® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy), T.polysporum and T. harzianum (e.g. BINAB® from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB,Sweden), T. stromaticum (e.g. TRICOVAB® from C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil), T.virens GL-21 (also named Gliocladium virens) (e.g. SOILGARD® from CertisLLC, USA), T. viride (e.g. TRIECO® from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt.Ltd., Indien, BIO-CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien), T. virideTV1 (e.g. T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy) and Ulocladiumoudemansii HRU3 (e.g. in BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ).

Strains can be sourced from genetic resource and deposition centers:American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, Va.20110-2209, USA (strains with ATCC prefic); CABI Europe—InternationalMycological Institute, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TYNRRL, UK(strains with prefices CABI and IMI); Centraalbureau voorSchimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalaan 8, PO Box 85167,3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands (strains with prefic CBS); Division ofPlant Industry, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia (strains with prefix CC);Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes, Institut Pasteur,25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 PARIS Cedex 15 (strains with prefixCNCM); Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen andZellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstra

e 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany (strains with prefix DSM);International Depositary Authority of Canada Collection, Canada (strainswith prefix IDAC); International Collection of Micro-organisms fromPlants, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre,Auckland 1142, New Zealand (strains with prefix ICMP); IITA, PMB 5320,Ibadan, Nigeria (strains with prefix IITA); The National Collections ofIndustrial and Marine Bacteria Ltd., Torry Research Station, P.O. Box31, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, AB9 8DG, Scotland (strains with prefixNCIMB); ARS Culture Collection of the National Center for AgriculturalUtilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department ofAgriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Ill. 61604, USA(strains with prefix NRRL); Department of Scientific and IndustrialResearch Culture Collection, Applied Biochemistry Division, PalmerstonNorth, New Zealand (strains with prefix NZP); FEPAGRO-Fundação Estadualde Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Gonçalves Dias, 570, Bairro Menino Deus,Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil (strains with prefix SEMIA); SARDI, Adelaide,South Australia (strains with prefix SRDI); U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Soybean and Alfalfa ResearchLaboratory, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Boulevard, Building 011, Room19-9, Beltsville, Md. 20705, USA (strains with prefix USDA: BeltsvilleRhizobium Culture Collection Catalog March 1987 USDA-ARS ARS-30:http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAW891.pdf); and Murdoch University,Perth, Western Australia (strains with prefix WSM). Further strains maybe found at the Global catalogue of Microorganisms:http://gcm.wfcc.info/ andhttp://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/collections/icmp and furtherreferences to strain collections and their prefixes athttp://refs.wdcm.org/collections.htm.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MB1600 (NRRL B-50595) isdeposited under accession number NRRL B-50595 with the straindesignation Bacillus subtilis 1430 (and identical to NCIMB 1237).Recently, MBI 600 has been re-classified as Bacillus amyloliquefacienssubsp. plantarum based on polyphasic testing which combines classicalmicrobiological methods relying on a mixture of traditional tools (suchas culture-based methods) and molecular tools (such as genotyping andfatty acids analysis). Thus, Bacillus subtilis MB1600 (or MBI 600 orMBI-600) is identical to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarumMB1600, formerly Bacillus subtilis MBI600. Bacillus amyloliquefaciensMBI600 is known as plant growth-promoting rice seed treatment from Int.J. Microbiol. Res. 3(2) (2011), 120-130 and further described e.g. in US2012/0149571 A1. This strain MBI600 is e.g. commercially available asliquid formulation product INTEGRAL® (Becker-Underwood Inc., USA).

Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 was originally isolated from red beetroots in North America (System Appl. Microbiol 27 (2004) 372-379). ThisB. subtilis strain promotes plant health (US 2010/0260735 A1; WO2011/109395 A2). B. subtilis FB17 has also been deposited at ATCC undernumber PTA-11857 on Apr. 26, 2011. Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 may bereferred elsewhere to as UD1022 or UD10-22.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciensAP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B.amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295(NRRL B-50620), B. japonicum SEMIA 5079 (e.g. Gelfix 5 or Adhere 60 fromNitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF Company), B. japonicum SEMIA5080 (e.g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories,Brazil, a BASF Company), B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL B-50616), B.solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. pumilus strain INR-7 (otherwisereferred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B.simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340) and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarumMBI600 (NRRL B-50595) have been mentioned i.a. in US patent appl.20120149571, U.S. Pat. No. 8,445,255, WO 2012/079073. Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum USDA 3 is known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,262,151. Jasmonic acid orsalts (jasmonates) or derivatives include without limitation potassiumjasmonate, sodium jasmonate, lithium jasmonate, ammonium jasmonate,dimethyl-ammonium jasmonate, isopropylammonium jasmonate, diolammoniumjasmonate, diethtriethanolammonium jasmonate, jasmonic acid methylester, jasmonic acid amide, jasmonic acid methylamide, jasmonicacid-L-amino acid (amide-linked) conjugates (e.g., conjugates withL-isoleucine, L-valine, L-leucine, or L-phenylalanine),12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, coronatine, coronafacoyl-L-serine,coronafacoyl-L-threonine, methyl esters of 1-oxo-indanoyl-isoleucine,methyl esters of 1-oxo-indanoyl-leucine, coronalon(2-[(6-ethyl-I-oxo-indane-4-carbonyl)-amino]-3-methyl-pentanoic acidmethyl ester), linoleic acid or derivatives thereof and cis-jasmone, orcombinations of any of the above.

Bilobalide and the ginkgolides are known components of the ginkgo tree.Bilobalide is the common name for(3aS,5aR,8aS,9R,10aR)-9-tert-butyl-8,9-dihydroxydihydro-9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3′,2′;2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione(CAS 33570-04-6) and the following ginkgolides Ginkgolide (CAS15291-75-5), Ginkgolide B (CAS 15291-77-7), Ginkgolide C (15291-76-6),Ginkgolide J (15291-79-9), Ginkgolide M (15291-78-8) have also beenpreviously described and recorded. The compounds are commerciallyavailable, or can be obtained, preferably from ginkgo leaves by methodsknown in the art and described e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,468, EP-A 360556, EP-A 0 431 535 and JP-A 09-110713. Further, the compoundsBilobalide (in enantiopure form), Ginkgolide A (in its racemic form) andGinkgolide B (in its racemic form) can be obtained by chemicalsynthesis, as disclosed e.g. in Tetrahedron Letters (1988), 29(28),3423-6, Tetrahedron Letters (1988), 29(26), 3205-6 and Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society (2000), 122(35), 8453-8463, respectively.

Mixtures with Biopesticides

According to one embodiment of the inventive mixtures, at least onebiopesticide II is selected from the groups II-M.Y-1 to II-M.Y-2:

According to one embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from group II-M.Y-1.

According to one embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from II-M.Y-2.

According to one embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at least onebiopesticide II is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600.These mixtures are particularly suitable in soybean.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is B. pumilus strain INR-7 (otherwise referred to asBU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185; see WO 2012/079073).These mixtures are particularly suitable in soybean and corn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is Bacillus pumilus, preferably B. pumilis strainINR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRLB-50185). These mixtures are particularly suitable in soybean and corn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is Bacillus simplex, preferably B. simplex strainABU 288 (NRRL B-50340). These mixtures are particularly suitable insoybean and corn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is selected from Trichoderma asperellum, T.atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum; mixture of T. harzia

num and T. viride; mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum; T.stromaticum, T. virens (also named Gliocladium virens) and T. viride;preferably Trichoderma fertile, in particular T. fertile strain JM41R.These mixtures are particularly suitable in soybean and corn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, preferably Sphaerodesmycoparasitica strain IDAC 301008-01 (also referred to as strainSMCD2220-01). These mixtures are particularly suitable in soybean andcorn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is Beauveria bassiana, preferably Beauveria bassianastrain PPRI5339. These mixtures are particularly suitable in soybean andcorn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures, the at leastone biopesticide II is Metarhizium anisopliae or M. anisopliae var.acridium, preferably selected from M. anisolpiae strain IMI33 and M.anisopliae var. acridium strain IMI 330189. These mixtures areparticularly suitable in soybean and corn.

According to another embodiment of the inventive mixtures,Bradyrhizobium sp. (meaning any Bradyrhizobium species and/or strain) asbiopesticide II is Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum). Thesemixtures are particularly suitable in soybean. Preferably B. japonicumis not one of the strains TA-11 or 532c. B. japonicum strains werecultivated using media and fermentation techniques known in the art,e.g. in yeast extract-mannitol broth (YEM) at 27° C. for about 5 days.

References for various B. japonicum strains are given e.g. in U.S. Pat.No. 7,262,151 (B. japonicum strains USDA 110 (=IITA 2121, SEMIA 5032,RCR 3427, ARS I-110, Nitragin 61A89; isolated from Glycine max inFlorida in 1959, Serogroup 110; Appl Environ Microbiol 60, 940-94,1994), USDA 31 (=Nitragin 61A164; isolated from Glycine max inWisoconsin in 1941, USA, Serogroup 31), USDA 76 (plant passage of strainUSDA 74 which has been isolated from Glycine max in California, USA, in1956, Serogroup 76), USDA 121 (isolated from Glycine max in Ohio, USA,in 1965), USDA 3 (isolated from Glycine max in Virginia, USA, in 1914,Serogroup 6) and USDA 136 (=CB 1809, SEMIA 586, Nitragin 61A136, RCR3407; isolated from Glycine max in Beltsville, Md. in 1961; Appl EnvironMicrobiol 60, 940-94, 1994). USDA refers to United States Department ofAgriculture Culture Collection, Beltsville, Md., USA (see e.g.Beltsville Rhizobium Culture Collection Catalog March 1987 ARS-30).Further suitable B. japonicum strain G49 (INRA, Angers, France) isdescribed in Fernandez-Flouret, D. & Cleyet-Marel, J. C. (1987) C R AcadAgric Fr 73, 163-171), especially for soybean grown in Europe, inparticular in France. Further suitable B. japonicum strain TA-11 (TA11NOD+) (NRRL B-18466) is i.a. described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,021,076; ApplEnviron Microbiol (1990) 56, 2399-2403 and commercially available asliquid inoculant for soybean (VAULT® NP, Becker Underwood, USA). FurtherB. japonicum strains as example for biopesticide II are described inUS2012/0252672A. Further suitable and especially in Canada commerciallyavailable strain 532c (The Nitragin Company, Milwaukee, Wis., USA, fieldisolate from Wisconsin; Nitragin strain collection No. 61A152; Can JPlant Sci 70 (1990), 661-666).

Other suitable and commercially available B. japonicum strains (see e.g.Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73(8), 2635) are SEMIA 566 (isolated fromNorth American inoculant in 1966 and used in Brazilian commercialinoculants from 1966 to 1978), SEMIA 586 (=CB 1809; originally isolatedin Maryland, USA but received from Austrailia in 1966 and used inBrazilian inoculants in 1977), CPAC 15 (=SEMIA 5079; a natural variantof SEMIA 566 used in commercial inoculants since 1992) and CPAC 7(=SEMIA 5080; a natural variant of SEMIA 586 used in commercialinoculants since 1992). These strains are especially suitable forsoybean grown in Australia or South America, in particular in Brazil.Some of the abovementioned strains have been re-classified as a novelspecies Bradyrhizobium elkanii, e.g. strain USDA 76 (Can. J. Microbiol.,1992, 38, 501-505).

Another suitable and commercially available B. japonicum strain is E-109(variant of strain USDA 138, see e.g. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 45 (2009)28-35; Biol Fertil Soils (2011) 47:81-89, deposited at AgricultureCollection Laboratory of the Instituto de Microbiologia y Zoologia Agricola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologi 'a Agropecuaria (INTA),Castelar, Argentina). This strain is especially suitable for soybeangrown in South America, in particular in Argentina.

The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium elkanii andBradyrhizobium liaoningense (B. elkanii and B. liaoningense), morepreferably from B. elkanii. These mixtures are particularly suitable insoybean. B. elkanii and liaoningense were cultivated using media andfermentation techniques known in the art, e.g. in yeast extract-mannitolbroth (YEM) at 27° C. for about 5 days.

Suitable and commercially available B. elkanii strains are SEMIA 587 andSEMIA 5019 (=29W) (see e.g. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73(8), 2635)and USDA 3254 and USDA 76 and USDA 94. Further commercially available B.elkanii strains are U-1301 and U-1302 (e.g. product Nitroagin® Optimizefrom Novozymes Bio As S.A., Brazil or NITRASEC for soybean from LACE yCia, Brazil). These strains are especially suitable for soybean grown inAustralia or South America, in particular in Brazil.

The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum)and further comprises a compound III, wherein compound III is selectedfrom jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof includingcis-jasmone, preferably methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone.

The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein biopesticide IIis selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) (B. sp. Arachis) whichshall describe the cowpea miscellany cross-inoculation group whichincludes inter alia indigenous cowpea bradyrhizobia on cowpea (Vignaunguiculata), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), lima bean (Phaseoluslunatus), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). This mixture comprising asbiopesticide II B. sp. Arachis is especially suitable for use in peanut,Cowpea, Mung bean, Moth bean, Dune bean, Rice bean, Snake bean andCreeping vigna, in particular peanut.

Suitable and commercially available B. sp. (Arachis) strain is CB1015(=IITA 1006, USDA 3446 presumably originally collected in India; fromAustralian Inoculants Research Group; see e.g.http://www.qaseeds.com.au/inoculant_applic.php; Beltsville RhizobiumCulture Collection Catalog March 1987 USDA-ARS ARS-30). These strainsare especially suitable for peanut grown in Australia, North America orSouth America, in particular in Brazil. Further suitable strain isbradyrhizobium sp. PNL01 (Becker Underwood; ISO Rep Marita McCreary, QCManager Padma Somasageran; IDENTIFICATION OF RHIZOBIA SPECIES THAT CANESTABLISH NITROGEN-FIXING NODULES IN CROTALARIA LONGIROSTRATA. Apr. 29,2010, University of Massachusetts Amherst:http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042810-163614/unrestricted/Bisson.Mason._Identification_of_Rhizobia_Species_That_can_Establish_Nitrogen_Fixing_Nodules_in_Crotalia_Longirostrata.pdf).

Suitable and commercially available Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) strainsespecially for cowpea and peanut but also for soybean are BradyrhizobiumSEMIA 6144, SEMIA 6462 (=BR 3267) and SEMIA 6464 (=BR 3262) (depositedat FEPAGRO-MIRCEN, R. Gonçalves Dias, 570 Porto Alegre—RS, 90130-060,Brazil; see e.g. FEMS Microbiology Letters (2010) 303(2), 123-131;Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo (2011) 35(3); 739-742, ISSN0100-0683).

The present invention also relates to mixtures wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) andfurther comprises a compound III, wherein compound III is selected fromjasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof including cis-jasmone,preferably methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone.

The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupine) (alsocalled B. lupini, B. lupines or Rhizobium lupini). This mixture isespecially suitable for use in dry beans and lupins.

Suitable and commercially available B. lupini strain is LL13 (isolatedfrom Lupinus iuteus nodules from French soils; deposited at INRA, Dijonand Angers, France; http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/ch20060216.pdf).This strain is especially suitable for lupins grown in Australia, NorthAmerica or Europe, in particular in Europe.

Further suitable and commercially available B. lupini strains WU425(isolated in Esperance, Western Australia from a non-Australian legumeOrnthopus compressus), WSM4024 (isolated from lupins in Australia by CRSduring a 2005 survey) and WSM471 (isolated from Ornithopus pinnatus inOyster Harbour, Western Australia) are described e.g. in Palta J. A. andBerger J. B. (eds), 2008, Proceedings 12th International LupinConference, 14-18 Sep. 2008, Fremantle, Western Australia. InternationalLupin Association, Canterbury, New Zealand, 47-50, ISBN 0-86476-153-8:http://www.lupins.org/pdf/conference/2008/Agronomy%20and%20Production/John%20Howieson%20and%20G%20OHara.pdf;Appl Environ Microbiol (2005) 71, 7041-7052 and Australian J. Exp.Agricult. (1996) 36(1), 63-70.

The present invention also relates to mixtures wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupine) (B. lupini)and further comprises a compound III, wherein compound III is selectedfrom jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof includingcis-jasmone, preferably methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone.

The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Mesorhizobium sp. (meaning anyMesorhizobium species and/or strain), more preferably Mesorhizobiumciceri. These mixtures are particularly suitable in cowpea.

Suitable and commercially available M. sp. strains are e.g. M. ciceriCC1192 (=UPM 848, CECT 5549; from Horticultural Research Station,Gosford, Australia; collected in Israel from Cicer arietinum nodules;Can J Microbial (2002) 48, 279-284) and Mesorhizobium sp. strainsWSM1271 (collected in Sardinia, Italy, from plant host Biserrulapelecinus), WSM 1497 (collected in Mykonos, Greece, from plant hostBiserrula pelecinus), M. loti strains CC829 (commerical inoculant forLotus pedunculatus and L. ulginosus in Australia, isolated from L.ulginosus nodules in USA) and SU343 (commercial inoculant for Lotuscorniculatus in Australia; isolated from host nodules in USA) all ofwhich are deposited at Western Australian Soil Microbiology (WSM)culture collection, Australia and/or CSIRO collection (CC), Canberra,Australian Capirtal Territory (see e.g. Soil Biol Biochem (2004) 36(8),1309-1317; Plant and Soil (2011) 348(1-2), 231-243).

Suitable and commercially available M. loti strains are e.g. M. lotiCC829 for Lotus pedunculatus.

The present invention also relates to mixtures wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupine) (B. lupini)and further comprises a compound III, wherein compound III is selectedfrom jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof includingcis-jasmone, preferably methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone.

The present invention also relates to mixtures wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Mesorhizobium huakuii, also referred toas Rhizobium huakuii (see e.g. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011, 77(15),5513-5516). These mixtures are particularly suitable in Astralagus, e.g.Astalagus sinicus (Chinese milkwetch), Thermopsis, e.g. Thermopsisluinoides (Goldenbanner) and alike.

Suitable and commercially available M. huakuii strain is HN3015 whichwas isolated from Astralagus sinicus in a rice-growing field of SouthernChina (see e.g. World J. Microbiol. Biotechn. (2007) 23(6), 845-851,ISSN 0959-3993).

The present invention also relates to mixtures wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Mesorhizobium huakuii and furthercomprises a compound III, wherein compound III is selected from jasmonicacid or salts or derivatives thereof including cis-jasmone, preferablymethyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone.

The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein the at least onebiopesticide II is selected from Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense,A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, more preferably from A.brasilense, in particular selected from A. brasilense strains BR 11005(SP 245) and AZ39 which are both commercially used in Brazil and areobtainable from EM-BRAPA, Brazil. These mixtures are particularlysuitable in soybean.

Humates are humic and fulvic acids extracted from a form of lignite coaland clay, known as leonardite. Humic acids are organic acids that occurin humus and other organically derived materials such as peat andcertain soft coal. They have been shown to increase fertilizerefficiency in phosphate and micro-nutrient uptake by plants as well asaiding in the development of plant root systems.

Salts of jasmonic acid (jasmonate) or derivatives include withoutlimitation the jasmonate salts potassium jasmonate, sodium jasmonate,lithium jasmonate, ammonium jasmonate, dimethylammonium jasmonate,isopropylammonium jasmonate, diolammonium jasmonate,diethtriethanolammonium jasmonate, jasmonic acid methyl ester, jasmonicacid amide, jasmonic acid methylamide, jasmonic acid-L-amino acid(amide-linked) conjugates (e.g., conjugates with L-isoleucine, L-valine,L-leucine, or L-phenylalanine), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, coronatine,coronafacoyl-L-serine, coronafacoyl-L-threonine, methyl esters of1-oxo-indanoyl-isoleucine, methyl esters of 1-oxo-indanoyl-leucine,coronalon(2-[(6-ethyl-I-oxo-indane-4-carbonyl)-amino]-3-methyl-pentanoic acidmethyl ester), linoleic acid or derivatives thereof and cis-jasmone, orcombinations of any of the above.

According to one embodiment, the microbial pesticides embrace not onlythe isolated, pure cultures of the respective micro-organism as definedherein, but also its cell-free extract, its suspensions in a whole brothculture or as a metabolite-containing supernatant or a purifiedmetabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism ormicroorganism strain.

According to a further embodiment, the microbial pesticides embrace notonly the isolated, pure cultures of the respective micro-organism asdefined herein, but also a cell-free extract thereof or at least onemetabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of the respective micro-organismhaving all the identifying characteristics thereof and also a cell-freeextract or at least one metabolite of the mutant.

“Whole broth culture” refers to a liquid culture containing both cellsand media.

“Supernatant” refers to the liquid broth remaining when cells grown inbroth are removed by centrifugation, filtration, sedimentation, or othermeans well known in the art.

The term “metabolite” refers to any compound, substance or byproductproduced by a microorganism (such as fungi and bacteria) that hasimproves plant growth, water use efficiency of the plant, plant health,plant appearance, or the population of beneficial microorganisms in thesoil around the plant activity.

The term “mutant” refers a microorganism obtained by direct mutantselection but also includes microorganisms that have been furthermutagenized or otherwise manipulated (e.g., via the introduction of aplasmid). Accordingly, embodiments include mutants, variants, and orderivatives of the respective microorganism, both naturally occurringand artificially induced mutants. For example, mutants may be induced bysubjecting the microorganism to known mutagens, such asN-methyl-nitrosoguanidine, using conventional methods.

According to the invention, the solid material (dry matter) of thebiopesticides (with the exception of oils such as Neem oil, Tagetes oil,etc.) are considered as active components (e.g. to be obtained afterdrying or evaporation of the extraction medium or the suspension mediumin case of liquid formulations of the microbial pesticides).

In accordance with the present invention, the weight ratios andpercentages used herein for biological extract such as Quillay extractare based on the total weight of the dry content (solid material) of therespective extract(s).

For microbial pesticides, weight ratios and/or percentages refer to thetotal weight of a preparation of the respective biopesticide with atleast 1×106 CFU/g (“colony forming units per gram total weight”),preferably with at least 1×108 CFU/g, even more preferably from 1×108 to1×1012 CFU/g dry matter. Colony forming unit is measure of viablemicrobial cells, in particular fungal and bacterial cells. In addition,here CFU may also be understood as number of (juvenile) individualnematodes in case of (entomopathogenic) nematode biopesticides, such asSteinernema feltiae.

Herein, microbial pesticides may be supplied in any physiological statesuch as active or dormant. Such dormant active component may be suppliedfor example frozen, dried, or lyophilized or partly desiccated(procedures to produce these partly desiccated organisms are given inWO2008/002371) or in form of spores.

Microbial pesticides used as organism in an active state can bedelivered in a growth medium without any additional additives ormaterials or in combination with suitable nutrient mixtures. Accordingto a further embodiment, microbial pesticides are delivered andformulated in a dormant stage, more preferably in form of spores.

The total weight ratios of compositions, which comprise a microbialpesticide as component 2, can be determined based on the total weight ofthe solid material (dry matter) of component 1) and using the amount ofCFU of component 2) to calculate the total weight of component 2) withthe following equation that 1×10⁹ CFU equals one gram of total weight ofcomponent 2). According to one embodiment, the compositions, whichcomprise a microbial pesticide, comprise between 0.01 and 90% (w/w) ofdry matter (solid material) of component 1) and from 1×10⁵ CFU to 1×10¹²CFU of component 2) per gram total weight of the composition.

According to another embodiment, the compositions, which comprise amicrobial pesticide, comprise between 5 and 70% (w/w) of dry matter(solid material) of component 1) and from 1×10⁶ CFU to 1×10¹⁰ CFU ofcomponent 2) per gram total weight of the composition.

According to another embodiment, the compositions, wherein one componentis a microbial pesticide, comprise between 25 and 70% (w/w) of drymatter (solid material) of component 1) and from 1×10⁷ CFU to 1×10⁹ CFUof component 2) per gram total weight of the composition. In the case ofmixtures comprising a microbial pesticide, the application ratespreferably range from about 1×10⁶ to 5×10¹⁵ (or more) CFU/ha.Preferably, the spore concentration is about 1×107 to about 1×1011CFU/ha. In the case of (entomopathogenic) nematodes as microbialpesticides (e.g. Steinernema feltiae), the application rates preferablyrange inform about 1×10⁵ to 1×10¹² (or more), more preferably from 1×10⁸to 1×10¹¹, even more preferably from 5×10⁸ to 1×10¹⁰ individuals (e.g.in the form of eggs, juvenile or any other live stages, preferably in aninfetive juvenile stage) per ha.

the case of mixtures comprising microbial pesticides, the applicationrates with respect to plant propagation material preferably range fromabout 1×10⁶ to 1×10¹² (or more) CFU/seed. Preferably, the concentrationis about 1×10⁶ to about 1×10¹¹ CFU/seed. In the case of microbialpesticides, the application rates with respect to plant propagationmaterial also preferably range from about 1×10⁷ to 1×10¹⁴ (or more) CFUper 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1×10⁹ to about 1×10¹¹ CFU per 100 kgof seed.

Embodiments of Mixtures and Preferred Mixing Partners

Preferred insecticidal active compounds II selected from group M:

With respect to their use in the pesticidal mixtures of the presentinvention, particular preference is given to the compounds II as listedin the paragraphs below.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.1.A as defined above ispreferably carbofuran, benfuracarb, methiocarb, thiodicarb or methomyl.

More preferably the compound II is methiocarb.

More preferably the compound II is thiodicarb.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.1.B as defined above ispreferably chlorpyrifos or acephate.

More preferably the compound II is chlorpyrifos.

More preferably the compound II is acephate.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.2.B as defined above ispreferably ethiprole.

More preferably the compound II is fipronil.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.3A defined above is preferablyacrinathrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin,alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin,esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, flucythrinate,tau-fluvalinate, silafluofen, tefluthrin or tralomethrin.

More preferably the compound II is lambda-cyhalothrin,alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin or deltamethrin.

More preferably the compound II is α-cypermethrin.

More preferably the compound II is cypermethrin.

More preferably the compound II is tefluthrin.

More preferably the compound II is bifenthrin.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.4A as defined above ispreferably acetamiprid, chlothianidin, imidacloprid, nitenpyram,thiacloprid and thiamethoxam.

More preferably the compound II is acetamiprid.

More preferably the compound II is clothianidine.

More preferably the compound II is imidacloprid.

More preferably the compound II is thiamethoxam.

More preferably the compound II is thiacloprid.

More preferably the compound II is dinotefuran.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.5 as defined above ispreferably spinetoram or spinosad.

More preferably the compound II is spinosad.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.6 as defined above ispreferably abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin or milbennectin.

More preferably the compound II is abamectin.

More preferably the compound II is emamectin.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group II-M.10 as defined above ispreferably etoxazole or flupyradifurone.

More preferably the compound II is flupyradifurone.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group II-M.13 as defined above ispreferably chlorfenapyr.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group II-M.15 as defined above ispreferably teflubenzuron.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group II-M.16 as defined above ispreferably buprofezin.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group II-M.21.A as defined above ispreferably pyridaben or tebufenpyrad.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.22 as defined above ispreferably indoxacarb or metaflumizone.

More preferably the compound II is metaflumizone.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.23 as defined above ispreferably spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat.

More preferably the compound II is spiromesifen or spirotetramat.

More preferably the compound II is spirotetramat.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II selected from group M-II.28 as defined above ispreferably flubendiamide,(R)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamidand(S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid,N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide,N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide,N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamideor cyanthraniliprole.

More preferably the compound II is flubendiamide or cyanthraniliprole.

More preferably the compound II is flubendiamide.

More preferably the compound II is cyanthraniliprole.

More preferably the compound II is chloranthraniliprole.

More preferably the compound II isN-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide.

More preferably the compound II isN-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide.

More preferably the compound II isN-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II is selected from group M-II.X (compounds of unknown oruncertain mode of action) as defined above is preferably afidopyropene,bifenazate, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazone,sulfoxaflor, triflumezopyrim, the compound4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide,the compound carbonicacid-2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-quinolin-4-ylester methyl ester.

More preferably the compound II is afidopyripene or4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-oneor carbonicacid-2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-quinolin-4-ylester methyl ester.

More preferably the compound II is sulfoxaflor.

More preferably the compound II is triflumezopyrim.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound II is selected from group 11-M.Y (biopesticides)

More preferably the compound II is especially one or more actives onbasis of Bacillus firmus (Votivo®, 1-1582).

More preferably the compound II is especially one or more actives onbasis of Pasteuria nishizawae (Clariva®)

More preferably the compound II is Votivo®, Bacillus firmus strainI-1582.

More preferably the compound II is bilobalide, ginkgolide A and amixture of bilobalide and ginkgolide A.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the mixture comprises optionally bilobalide and/or ginkgolide A and atleast one further active compound from the ginkgo tree which isdifferent from bilobalide and ginkgolide A.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containingalpha-cypermethrin as compound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing clothianidin ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing imidacloprid ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing thiamethoxam ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing pymetrozine ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing flubendiamid ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing spinetoran ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing spirotetramat ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing pyrifluquinazonas compound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing chlorfenapyr ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containingcyanthraniliprole as compound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing sulfoxaflor ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing flupyradifuroneas compound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing cyflumetofen ascompound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing the compoundafidopyropene as compound II.

Especially preferred are pesticidal mixtures containing the compoundPONCHO®/VOTiVO™ as compound II.

Preferred fungicidal active compounds III selected from group F:

With respect to their additional use in the pesticidal mixtures of thepresent invention, particular preference is given to certain fungicidalactive compounds III listed in the paragraphs below.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound III selected from group F.I.1.

More preferably the compound II is azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin,picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin.

Most preferably the compound III is pyraclostrobin.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound III selected from group F.I.3.

More preferably the compound III is bixafen, boscalid, fluopyram,fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad or sedaxane.

More preferably the compound III is fluxapyroxad.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound III selected from group F.II.1.

More preferably the compound III is epoxiconazol.

More preferably the compound III is triticonazole.

More preferably the compound III is selected from the group consistingof 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol,1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1cyclopropyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluorometh

yl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol,2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)

phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol or2-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)

phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1cyclo-propyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluorometh

yl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)

phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)

phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol.

More preferably the compound III is2-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)

phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound III selected from group F.III 1).

More preferably the compound III is metalaxyl or metalaxyl-M.

More preferably the compound III is metalaxyl.

With regard to the use in a pesticidal mixture of the present invention,the compound III selected from group F.IV 1).

More preferably the compound III is thiophanate-methyl.

Pests

The mixtures of the active compounds I and II, or the active compounds Iand II used simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, exhibitoutstanding action against pests from the following orders:

insects from the order of Lepidoptera, for example Achroia grisella,Acleris spp. such as A. fimbriana, A. gloverana, A. variana;Acrolepiopsis assectella, Acronicta major, Adoxophyes spp. such as A.cyrtosema, A. orana; Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp. such as A.exclamationis, A. fucosa, A. ipsilon, A. orthogoma, A. segetum, A.subterranea; Alabama argillacea, Aleurodicus dispersus, Alsophilapometaria, Ampelophaga rubiginosa, Amyelois transitella, Anacampsissarcitella, Anagasta kuehniella, Anarsia lineatella, Anisota senatoria,Antheraea pernyi, Anticarsia (=Thermesia) spp. such as A. gemmatalis;Apamea spp, Aproaerema modicella, Archips spp. such as A. argyrospila,A. fuscocupreanus, A. rosana, A. xyloseanus; Argyresthia conjugella,Argyroploce spp., Argyrotaenia spp. such as A. velutinana; Athetismindara, Austroasca viridigrisea, Autographa gamma, Autographanigrisigna, Barathra brassicae, Bedellia spp., Bonagota salubricola,Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseolaspp., Cacoecia spp. such as C. murinana, C. podana; Cactoblastiscactorum, Cadra cautella, Calingo braziliensis, Caloptilis theivora,Capua reticulana, Carposina spp. such as C. niponensis, C. sasakii;Cephus spp, Chaetocnema aridula, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp. such asC. Indicus, C. suppressalis, C. partellus; Choreutis pariana,Choristoneura spp. such as C. conflictana, C. fumiferana, C.longicellana, C. murinana, C. occidentalis, C. rosaceana; Chrysodeixis(=Pseudoplusia) spp. such as C. eriosoma, C. includens; Cirphisunipuncta, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cnaphalocrocismedinalis, Cnephasia spp., Cochylis hospes, Coleophora spp., Coliaseurytheme, Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitarsia spp.,Corcyra cephalonica, Crambus caliginosellus, Crambus teterrellus,Crocidosema (=Epinotia) aporema, Cydalima (=Diaphania) perspectalis,Cydia (=Carpocapsa) spp. such as C. pomonella, C. latiferreana; Dalacanoctuides, Datana integerrima, Dasychira pinicola, Dendrolimus spp. suchas D. pini, D. spectabilis, D. sibiricus; Desmia funeralis, Diaphaniaspp. such as D. nitidalis, D. hyalinata; Diatraea grandiosella, Diatraeasaccharalis, Diphthera festiva, Earias spp. such as E. insulana, E.vittella; Ecdytolopha aurantianu, Egira (=Xylomyges) curialis,Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina, Endopiza viteana, Ennomossubsignaria, Eoreuma loftini, Ephestia spp. such as E. cautella, E.elutella, E. kuehniella; Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erannistiliaria, Erionota thrax, Etiella spp., Eulia spp., Eupoeciliaambiguella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Evetria bouliana,Faronta albilinea, Feltia spp. such as F. subterranean; Galleriamellonella, Gracillaria spp., Grapholita spp. such as G. funebrana, G.molesta, G. inopinata; Halysidota spp., Harrisina americana, Hedyleptaspp., Helicoverpa spp. such as H. armigera (=Heliothis armigera), H. zea(=Heliothis zea); Heliothis spp. such as H. assulta, H. subflexa, H.virescens; Hellula spp. such as H. undalis, H. rogatalis; Helocoverpagelotopoeon, Hemileuca oliviae, Herpetogramma licarsisalis, Hiberniadefoliaria, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homoeosoma electellum, Homonamagnanima, Hypena scabra, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta padella,Hyponomeuta malinellus, Kakivoria flavofasciata, Keiferialycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria, Lambdina fiscellarialugubrosa, Lamprosema indicata, Laspeyresia molesta, Leguminivoraglycinivorella, Lerodea eufala, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoma salicis,Leucoptera spp. such as L. coffeella, L. scitella; Leuminivoralycinivorella, Lithocollentis blancardella, Lithophane antennata,Llattia octo (=Amyna axis), Lobesia botrana, Lophocampa spp., Loxagrotisalbicosta, Loxostege spp. such as L. sticticalis, L. cereralis;Lymantria spp. such as L. dispar, L. monacha; Lyonetia clerkella,Lyonetia prunifoliella, Malacosoma spp. such as M. americanum, M.californicum, M. constrictum, M. neustria; Mamestra spp. such as M.brassicae, M. configurata; Mamstra brassicae, Manduca spp. such as M.quinquemaculata, M. sexta; Marasmia spp, Marmara spp., Marucatestulalis, Megalopyge lanata, Melanchra picta, Melanitis leda, Mocisspp. such as M. lapites, M. repanda; Mocis latipes, Monochroa fragariae,Mythimna separata, Nemapogon cloacella, Neoleucinodes elegantalis,Nepytia spp., Nymphula spp., Oiketicus spp., Omiodes indicata, Omphisaanastomosalis, Operophtera brumata, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Oria spp.,Orthaga thyrisalis, Ostrinia spp. such as O. nubilalis; Oulema oryzae,Paleacrita vernata, Panolis flammea, Parnara spp., Papaipema nebris,Papilio cresphontes, Paramyelois transitella, Paranthrene regalis,Paysandisia archon, Pectinophora spp. such as P. gossypiella; Peridromasaucia, Perileucoptera spp., such as P. coffeella; Phalera bucephala,Phryganidia californica, Phthorimaea spp. such as P. operculella;Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp. such as P. blancardella, P.crataegella, P. issikii, P. ringoniella; Pieris spp. such as P.brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi; Pilocrocis tripunctata, Plathypena scabra,Platynota spp. such as P. flavedana, P. idaeusalis, P. stultana;Platyptilia carduidactyla, Plebejus argus, Plodia interpunctella, Plusiaspp, Plutella maculipennis, Plutella xylostella, Pontia protodica, Praysspp., Prodenia spp., Proxenus lepigone, Pseudaletia spp. such as P.sequax, P. unipuncta; Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachiplusia nu, Richiaalbicosta, Rhizobius ventralis, Rhyacionia frustrana, Sabulodesaegrotata, Schizura concinna, Schoenobius spp., Schreckensteiniafestaliella, Scirpophaga spp. such as S. incertulas, S. innotata; Scotiasegetum, Sesamia spp. such as S. inferens, Seudyra subflava, Sitotrogacerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spilonota lechriaspis, S. ocellana,Spodoptera (=Lamphygma) spp. such as S. eridania, S. exigua, S.frugiperda, S. latisfascia, S. littoralis, S. litura, S. omithogalli;Stigmella spp., Stomopteryx subsecivella, Strymon bazochii, Syleptaderogata, Synanthedon spp. such as S. exitiosa, Tecia solanivora,Telehin licus. Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Thaumatotibia (=Cryptophlebia)leucotreta, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Thecla spp., Theresimimaampelophaga, Thyrinteina spp, Tildenia inconspicuella, Tinea spp. suchas T. cloacella, T. pellionella; Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix spp. suchas T. viridana; Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia spp. such as T. ni;Tuta (=Scrobipalpula) absoluta, Udea spp. such as U. rubigalis, U.rubigalis; Virachola spp, Yponomeuta padella, and Zeiraphera canadensis.

insects from the order of Coleoptera, for example Acalymma vittatum,Acanthoscehdes obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agrilus spp.such as A. anxius, A. planipennis, A. sinuatus; Agriotes spp. such as A.fuscicollis, A. lineatus, A. obscurus; Alphitobius diaperinus,Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anisoplia austriaca,Anobium punctatum, Anomala corpulenta, Anomala rufocuprea, Anoplophoraspp. such as A. glabripennis; Anthonomus spp. such as A. eugenii, A.grandis, A. pomorum; Anthrenus spp., Aphthona euphoridae, Apion spp.,Apogonia spp., Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria spp. such as A.linearis; Attagenus spp., Aulacophora femoralis, Blastophagus piniperda,Blitophaga undata, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp. such as B. lentis,B. pisorum, B. rufimanus; Byctiscus betulae, Callidiellum rufipenne,Callopistria floridensis, Callosobruchus chinensis, Cameraria ohridella,Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorhynchusspp. such as C. assimilis, C. napi; Chaetocnema tibialis, Cleonusmendicus, Conoderus spp. such as C. vespertinus; Conotrachelus nenuphar,Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Crioceris asparagi,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Ctenicera spp. such asC. destructor; Curculio spp., Cylindrocopturus spp., Cyclocephala spp,Dactylispa balyi, Dectes texanus, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp. suchas D. undecimpunctata, D. speciosa, D. longicornis, D. semipunctata, D.virgifera; Diaprepes abbreviates, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera,Diloboderus abderus, Diocalandra frumenti (Diocalandra stigmaticollis),Enaphalodes rufulus, Epilachna spp. such as E. varivestis, E.vigintioctomaculata; Epitrix spp. such as E. hirtipennis, E. similaris;Eutheola humilis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Faustinus cubae, Gibbiumpsylloides, Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator,Hylamorpha elegans, Hylobius abietis, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera spp.such as H. brunneipennis, H. postica; Hypomeces squamosus, Hypothenemusspp., Ips typographus, Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lasioderma serricome,Latheticus oryzae, Lathridius spp., Lema spp. such as L. bilineata, L.melanopus; Leptinotarsa spp. such as L. decemlineata; Leptispa pygmaea,Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Luperodesspp., Lyctus spp. such as L. bruneus; Liogenys fuscus, Macrodactylusspp. such as M. subspinosus; Maladera matrida, Megaplatypus mutates,Megascelis spp., Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp. such as M. aeneus;Melolontha spp. such as M. hippocastani, M. melolontha; Metamasiushemipterus, Microtheca spp, Migdolus spp. such as M. fryanus, Monochamusspp. such as M. alternatus; Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus,Oberia brevis, Oemona hirta, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephiliussurinamensis, Oryzaphagus oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchusovatus, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae,Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon spp. such as P. brassicae, P. cochleariae;Phoracantha recurva, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllopertha horticola,Phyllophaga spp. such as P. helleri; Phyllotreta spp. such as P.chrysocephala, P. nemorum, P. striolata, P. vittula; Phylloperthahorticola, Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psacothea hilaris,Psylliodes chlysocephala, Prostephanus truncates, Psylliodes spp.,Ptinus spp., Pulga saltona, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhynchophorus spp.such as R. billineatus, R. ferrugineus, R. palmarum, R. phoenicis, R.vulneratus; Saperda candida, Scolytus schevyrewi, Scyphophorusacupunctatus, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilius spp. such as S. granaria, S.oryzae, S. zeamais; Sphenophorus spp. such as S. Levis; Stegobiumpaniceum, Sternechus spp. such as S. subsignatus; Strophomorphusctenotus, Symphyletes spp., Tanymecus spp., Tenebrio molitor,Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp. such as T. castaneum;Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp. such as X. pyrrhoderus;and, Zabrus spp. such as Z. tenebrioides,

insects from the order of Diptera for example Aedes spp. such as A.aegypti, A. albopictus, A. vexans; Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles spp.such as A. albimanus, A. crucians, A. freeborni, A. gambiae, A.leucosphyrus, A. maculipennis, A. minimus, A. quadrimaculatus, A.sinensis; Bactrocera invadens, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphoraerythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp.such as C. bezziana, C. hominivorax, C. macellaria; Chrysops atlanticus,Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Cochliomyia spp. such as C.hominivorax; Contarinia spp. such as C. sorghicola; Cordylobiaanthropophaga, Culex spp. such as C. nigripalpus, C. pipiens, C.quinquefasciatus, C. tarsalis, C. tritaeniorhynchus; Culicoides furens,Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Cuterebra spp., Dacus cucurbitae,Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Dasineura oxycoccana, Della spp. suchas D. antique, D. coarctata, D. platura, D. radicum; Dermatobia hominis,Drosophila spp. such as D. suzukii, Fannia spp. such as F. canicularis;Gastraphilus spp. such as G. intestinalis; Geomyza tipunctata, Glossinaspp. such as G. fuscipes, G. morsitans, G. palpalis, G. tachinoides;Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyiaspp. such as H. platura; Hypoderma spp. such as H. lineata; Hyppoboscaspp., Hydrellia philippina, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza spp. such asL. sativae, L. trifolii; Lucilia spp. such as L. caprin, L. cuprina, L.sericata; Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola spp. suchas M. destructor; Musca spp. such as M. autumnalis, M. domestica;Muscina stabulans, Oestrus spp. such as O. ovis; Opomyza florum,Oscinella spp. such as O. frit; Orseolia oryzae, Pegomya hysocyami,Phlebotomus argentipes, Phorbia spp. such as P. antiqua, P. brassicae,P. coarctata; Phytomyza gymnostoma, Prosimulium mixtum, Psila rosae,Psorophora columbiae, Psorophora discolor, Rhagoletis spp. such as R.cerasi, R. cingulate, R. indifferens, R. mendax, R. pomonella; Rivelliaquadrifasciata, Sarcophaga spp. such as S. haemorrhoidalis; Simuliumvittatum, Sitodiplosis mosellana, Stomoxys spp. such as S. calcitrans;Tabanus spp. such as T. atratus, T. bovinus, T. lineola, T. similis;Tannia spp., Thecodiplosis japonensis, Tipula oleracea, Tipula paludosa,and Wohlfahrtia spp.

insects from the order of Thysanoptera for example, Baliothripsbiformis, Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp., Echinothripsamericanus, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp. such as F. fusca, F.occidentalis, F. tritici; Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis,Kakothrips spp., Microcephalothrips abdominalis, Neohydatothripssamayunkur, Pezothrips kellyanus, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus,Scirtothrips spp. such as S. citri, S. dorsalis, S. perseae;Stenchaetothrips spp, Taeniothrips cardamom, Taeniothrips inconsequens,Thrips spp. such as T. imagines, T. hawaiiensis, T. oryzae, T. palmi, T.parvispinus, T. tabaci.

insects from the order of Hemiptera for example, Acizzia jamatonica,Acrosternum spp. such as A. hilare; Acyrthosipon spp. such as A.onobrychis, A. pisum; Adelges laricis, Adelges tsugae, Adelphocorisspp., such as A. rapidus, A. superbus; Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp.,Aulacorthum solani, Aleurocanthus woglumi, Aleurodes spp., Aleurodicusdisperses, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp.,Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp.,Aphanostigma piri, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis spp. such as A. craccivora,A. fabae, A. forbesi, A. gossypii, A. grossulariae, A. maidiradicis, A.pomi, A. sambuci, A. schneideri, A. spiraecola; Arboridia apicalis,Arilus critatus, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp.,Aulacaspis yasumatsui, Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli(Paratrioza cockerelli), Bemisia spp. such as B. argentifolii, B. tabaci(Aleurodes tabaci); Blissus spp. such as B. leucopterus; Brachycaudusspp. such as B. cardui, B. helichlysi, B. persicae, B. prunicola;Brachycolus spp., Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevicoryne brassicae,Cacopsylla spp. such as C. fulguralis, C. pyricola (Psylla piri);Calligypona marginata, Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Capitophorushorni, Carneocephala fulgida, Cavelerius spp., Ceraplastes spp.,Ceratovacuna lanigera, Ceroplastes ceriferus, Cerosipha gossypii,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii,Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Cimexspp. such as C. hemipterus, C. lectularius; Coccomytilus halli, Coccusspp. such as C. hesperidum, C. pseudomagnoliarum; Corythucha arcuata,Creontiades dilutus, Cryptomyzus ribis, Chrysomphalus aonidum,Cryptomyzus ribis, Ctenarytaina spatulata, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dalbulusspp., Dasynus piperis, Dialeurodes spp. such as D. citrifolii, Dalbulusmaidis, Diaphorina spp. such as D. citri; Diaspis spp. such as D.bromeliae; Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Doralis spp.,Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp.such as D. plantaginea, D. pyri, D. radicola; Dysaulacorthumpseudosolani, Dysdercus spp. such as D. cingulatus, D. intermedius;Dysmicoccus spp., Edessa spp, Geocoris spp, Empoasca spp. such as E.fabae, E. solana; Epidiaspis leperii, Eriosoma spp. such as E.lanigerum, E. pyricola; Erythroneura spp., Eurygaster spp. such as E.integriceps; Euscelis bilobatus, Euschistus spp. such as E. heros, E.impictiventris, E. servus; Fiorinia theae, Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspisbrimblecombei, Halyomorpha spp. such as H. halys; Heliopeltis spp.,Homalodisca vitripennis (=H. coagulata), Horcias nobilellus, Hyalopteruspruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Icerya spp. such as I. purchase; Idiocerusspp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp.,Lecanoideus floccissimus, Lepidosaphes spp. such as L. ulmi; Leptocorisaspp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lipaphis erysimi, Lygus spp. such as L.hesperus, L. lineolaris, L. pratensis; Maconellicoccus hirsutus,Marchalina hellenica, Macropes excavatus, Macrosiphum spp. such as M.rosae, M. avenae, M. euphorbiae; Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarvafimbriolata, Megacopta cribraria, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius,Melanaphis sacchari, Melanocallis (=Tinocallis) caryaefoliae,Metcafiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis,Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzocallis coryli, Murgantia spp, Myzus spp. suchas M. ascalonicus, M. cerasi, M. nicotianae, M. persicae, M. varians;Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Neotoxoptera formosana, Neomegalotomus spp,Nephotettix spp. such as N. malayanus, N. nigropictus, N. parvus, N.virescens; Nezara spp. such as N. viridula; Nilaparvata lugens, Nysiushuttoni, Oebalus spp. such as O. pugnax; Oncometopia spp., Ortheziapraelonga, Oxycaraenus hyalinipennis, Parabemisia myricae, Parlatoriaspp., Parthenolecanium spp. such as P. corni, P. persicae; Pemphigusspp. such as P. bursarius, P. populivenae; Peregrinus maidis,Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phenacoccus spp. such as P. aceris, P.gossypii; Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp. suchas P. devastatrix, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp. such as P.guildinii; Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp. such as P. citri, P.ficus; Prosapia bicincta, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Psallus seriatus,Pseudacysta persea, Pseudaulacaspis pentagon, Pseudococcus spp. such asP. comstocki; Psylla spp. such as P. mali; Pteromalus spp., Pulvinariaamygdali, Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., such as Q. perniciosus;Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Reduvius senilis, Rhizoecusamericanus, Rhodnius spp., Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum spp.such as R. pseudobrassicas, R. insertum, R. maidis, R. padi; Sagatodesspp., Sahlbergella singularis, Saissetia spp., Sappaphis mala, Sappaphismali, Scaptocoris spp, Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum,Schizoneura lanuginosa, Scotinophora spp., Selenaspidus articulatus,Sitobion avenae, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Solubea insularis,Spissistilus festinus (=Stictocephala festina); Stephanitis nashi,Stephanitis pyrioides, Stephanitis takeyai, Tenalaphara malayensis,Tetraleurodes perseae, Therioaphis maculate, Thyanta spp. such as T.accerra, T. perditor; Tibraca spp., Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp. suchas T. aurantii; Trialeurodes spp. such as T. abutilonea, T. ricini, T.vaporariorum; Triatoma spp., Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp.such as U. citri, U. yanonensis; and Viteus vitifolii,

Insects from the order Hymenoptera for example Acanthomyops interjectus,Athalia rosae, Atta spp such as A. capiguara, A. cephalotes, A.cephalotes, A. laevigata, A. robusta, A. sexdens, A. texana, Bombusspp., Brachymyrmex spp., Camponotus spp such as C. floridanus, C.pennsylvanicus, C. modoc; Cardiocondyla nuda, Chalibion sp,Crematogaster spp., Dasymutilla occidentalis, Diprion spp.,Dolichovespula maculata, Dorymyrmex spp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Formicaspp, Hoplocampa spp. such as H. minuta, H. testudinea; Iridomyrmexhumilis, Lasius spp. such as L. niger, Linepithema humile, Liometopumspp, Leptocybe invasa, Monomorium spp such as M. pharaonis, Monomorium,Nylandria fulva, Pachycondyla chinensis, Paratrechina longicornis,Paravespula spp such as P. germanica, P. pennsylvanica, P. vulgaris;Pheidole spp such as P. megacephala; Pogonomyrmex spp such as P.barbatus, P. californicus, Polistes rubiginosa, Prenolepis impairs,Pseudomyrmex gracilis, Schelipron spp, Sirex cyaneus, Solenopsis sppsuch as S. geminata, S. invicta, S. molesta, S. richteri, S. xyloni,Sphecius speciosus, Sphex spp, Tapinoma spp such as T. melanocephalum,T. sessile; Tetramorium spp such as T. caespitum, T. bicarinatum, Vespaspp. such as V. crabro; Vespula spp such as V. squamosal; Wasmanniaauropunctata, Xylocopa sp

Insects from the order Orthoptera for example Acheta domesticus,Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, Ceuthophilus spp,Diastrammena asynamora, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Gryllotalpa spp such asG. africana, G. gryllotalpa; Gryllus spp, Hieroglyphus daganensis,Kraussaria angulifera, Locusta spp. such as L. migratoria, L. pardalina;Melanoplus spp such as M. bivittatus, M. femurrubrum, M. mexicanus, M.sanguinipes, M. spretus; Nomadacris septemfasciata, Oedaleussenegalensis, Scapteriscus spp, Schistocerca spp such as S. americana,S. gregaria, Stemopelmatus spp, Tachycines asynamorus, and Zonozerusvariegatus

Pests from the Class Arachnida for example Acari, e.g. of the familiesArgasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma spp. (e.g. A.americanum, A. variegatum, A. maculatum), Argas spp. such as A.persicu), Boophilus spp. such as B. annulatus, B. decoloratus, B.microplus, Dermacentor spp such as D. silvarum, D. andersoni, D.variabilis, Hyalomma spp. such as H. truncatum, Ixodes spp. such as I.ricinus, I. rubicundus, I. scapularis, I. holocyclus, I. pacificus,Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Omithodorus spp. such as O. moubata, O.hermsi, O. turicata), Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssusgallinae, Psoroptes spp such as P. ovis, Rhipicephalus spp such as R.sanguineus, R. appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi), Rhizoglyphus spp;Sarcoptes spp. such as S. Scabiei; and Family Eriophyidae includingAceria spp such as A. sheldoni, A. anthocoptes, Acallitus spp; Aculopsspp. such as A. lycopersici, A. pelekassi; Aculus spp such as A.schlechtendali; Colomerus vitis, Epitrimerus pyri, Phyllocoptrutaoleivora; Eriophytes ribis and Eriophyes spp such as Eriophyes sheldoni;Family Tarsonemidae including Hemitarsonemus spp., Phytonemus pallidusand Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Stenotarsonemus spp. Steneotarsonemusspinki; Family Tenuipalpidae including Brevipalpus spp. such as B.phoenicis; Family Tetranychidae including Eotetranychus spp.,Eutetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Petrobia latens, Tetranychus sppsuch as T. cinnabarinus, T. evansi, T. kanzawai, T. pacificus, T.phaseulus, T. telarius and T. urticae; Bryobia praetiosa; Panonychusspp. such as P. ulmi, P. citri, Metatetranychus spp. and Oligonychusspp. such as O. pratensis, O. perseae), Vasates lycopersici; Raoiellaindica, Family Carpoglyphidae including Carpoglyphus spp; Penthaleidaespp such as Halotydeus destructor; Family Demodicidae with species sucha Demodex spp; Family Trombicidea including Trombicula spp; FamilyMacronyssidae including Omothonyssus spp; Family Pyemotidae includingPyemotes tritici; Tyrophagus putrescentiae; Family Acaridae includingAcarus siro; Family Araneida including Latrodectus mactans, Tegenariaagrestis, Chiracanthium sp, Lycosa sp Achaearanea tepidariorum andLoxosceles reclusa.

Pests from the Phylum Nematoda, for example, plant parasitic nematodessuch as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. such as M. hapla, M.incognita, M. Javanica; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera spp. such asG. rostochiensis; Heterodera spp. such as H. avenae, H. glycines, H.schachtii, H. trifolii; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina spp.; Stem andfoliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides spp. such as A. besseyi; Stingnematodes, Belonolaimus spp. such as B. longicaudatus; Pine nematodes,Bursaphelenchus spp. such as B. lignicolus, B. xylophilus; Ringnematodes, Criconema spp.; Criconemella spp. such as C. xenoplax and C.ornata; and, Criconemoides spp. such as Criconemoides informis;Mesocriconema spp.; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. such as D.destructor, D. dipsaci; Awl nematodes, Dolichodorus spp.; Spiralnematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus; Sheath and sheathoidnematodes, Hemicycliophora spp. and Hemicriconemoides spp.;Hirshmanniella spp.; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus spp.; False rootknotnematodes, Nacobbus spp.; Needle nematodes, Longidorus spp. such as L.elongatus; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. such as P. brachyurus, P.neglectus, P. penetrans, P. curvitatus, P. goodeyi; Burrowing nematodes,Radopholus spp. such as R. similis; Rhadopholus spp.; Rhodopholus spp.;Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus spp. such as R. robustus, R. reniformis;Scutellonema spp.; Stubby-root nematode, Trichodorus spp. such as T.obtusus, T. primitivus; Paratrichodorus spp. such as P. minor; Stuntnematodes, Tylenchorhynchus spp. such as T. claytoni, T. dubius; Citrusnematodes, Tylenchulus spp. such as T. semipenetrans; Dagger nematodes,Xiphinema spp.; and other plant parasitic nematode species.

Insects from the order Isoptera for example Calotermes flavicollis,Coptotermes spp such as C. formosanus, C. gestroi, C. acinaciformis;Cornitermes cumulans, Cryptotermes spp such as C. brevis, C. cavifrons;Globitermes sulfureus, Heterotermes spp such as H. aureus, H. longiceps,H. tenuis; Leucotermes flavipes, Odontotermes spp., Incisitermes sppsuch as I. minor, I. Snyder, Marginitermes hubbardi, Mastotermes sppsuch as M. darwiniensis Neocapritermes spp such as N. opacus, N. parvus;Neotermes spp, Procornitermes spp, Zootermopsis spp such as Z.angusticollis, Z. nevadensis, Reticulitermes spp. such as R. hesperus,R. tibialis, R. speratus, R. flavipes, R. grassei, R. lucifugus, R.santonensis, R. virginicus; Termes natalensis,

Insects from the order Blattaria for example Blatta spp such as B.orientalis, B. lateralis; Blattella spp such as B. asahinae, B.germanica; Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora nivea, Periplaneta spp such asP. americana, P. australasiae, P. brunnea, P. fuligginosa, P. japonica;Supella longipalpa, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Eurycotis floridana,Pycnoscelus surinamensis.

Insects from the order Siphonoptera for example Cediopsylla simples,Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp such as C. felis, C. canis,Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis, Tunga penetrans,and Nosopsyllus fasciatus,

Insects from the order Thysanura for example Lepisma saccharina,Ctenolepisma urbana, and Thermobia domestica,

Pests from the class Chilopoda for example Geophilus spp., Scutigeraspp. such as Scutigera coleoptrata;

Pests from the class Diplopoda for example Blaniulus guttulatus, Julusspp, Narceus spp.,

Pests from the class Symphyla for example Scutigerella immaculata.

Insects from the order Dermaptera, for example Forficula auricularia,

Insects from the order Collembola, for example Onychiurus spp. such asOnychiurus armatus.

Pests from the order Isopoda for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscusasellus, Porcellio scaber.

Insects from the order Phthiraptera, for example Damalinia spp.,Pediculus spp. such as Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanuscorporis, Pediculus humanus humanus; Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus spp.such as Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis; Linognathus spp.such as Linognathus vituli; Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae,Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus, Trichodectes spp.,

Examples of further pest species which may be controlled by compounds offormula (I) include: from the Phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia, forexample, Dreissena spp.; class Gastropoda, for example, Anion spp.,Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaeaspp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea canaliclata, Succinea spp.; from theclass of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostomaceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascarislubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomumspp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp.,Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis,Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobiusvermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp. such as Haemonchuscontortus; Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., LoaLoa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp.,Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomenspp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercora lis,Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis,Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni,Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria,Wuchereria bancrofti;

Formulations

The mixtures according to the present invention can be converted intothe customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions,suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The use form dependson the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure afine and even distribution of the compounds according to the invention.

Therefore the invention also relates to agrochemical compositionscomprising an auxiliary and a mixture of at least one compound I offormula I and of at least one compound II (and optionally one compoundIII) according to the present invention.

An agrochemical composition comprises a pesticidally effective amount ofa compound I. The term “effective amount” denotes an amount of thecomposition or of the compounds I, which is sufficient for controllingharmful fungi and/or harmful pests on cultivated plants or in theprotection of materials and which does not result in a substantialdamage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad rangeand is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species and/orthe pest species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant ormaterial, the climatic conditions and the specific compound I used.

The active compounds I and II (and optionally III), their N-oxides andsalts can be converted into customary types of agrochemicalcompositions, e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders,pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examplesfor composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiableconcentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g.CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS,DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG,MG), insecticidal articles (e.g. LN), as well as gel formulations forthe treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GF).These and further compositions types are defined in the “Catalogue ofpesticide formulation types and international coding system”, TechnicalMonograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.

The compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described byMollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001;or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation,Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.

Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers orfillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants,solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesionagents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feedingstimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents,anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.

Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents,such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g.kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic,cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, paraffin,tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol,propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclo

hexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g.lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fattyacids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fattyacid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.

Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates,silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite,diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate,magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers,e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas;products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, woodmeal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic,cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers,polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used asemusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer,protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed inMcCutcheon's, Vol. 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon'sDirectories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North AmericanEd.).

Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammoniumsalts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixturesthereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylaryl-sulfonates,diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates,sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylatedalkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates ofcondensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes,sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkyl

naphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfatesare sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, ofalcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples ofphosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkylcarboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acidamides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymericsurfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compoundssuch as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acidsor fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed forthe alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of N-subsistedfatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides.Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters ormonoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans,ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters oralkylpolyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are home- orcopolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.

Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for examplequaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, orsalts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants arealkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are blockpolymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethyleneoxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol,polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytesare polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts ofpolyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases arepolyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.

Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even nopesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biologicalperformance of the compound I on the target. Examples are surfactants,mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries. Further examples arelisted by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&FInforma UK, 2006, chapter 5.

Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum,carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified orunmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.

Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives suchas alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.

Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,urea and glycerin.

Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, andsalts of fatty acids.

Suitable colorants (e.g. in red, blue, or green) are pigments of lowwater solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganiccolorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) andorganic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).

Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons,polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological orsynthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%,preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%,by weight of active substance. The active substances are employed in apurity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according toNMR spectrum).

Solutions for seed treamtent (LS), Suspoemulsions (SE), flowableconcentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersiblepowders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions(ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employedfor the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials,particularly seeds. The compositions in question give, aftertwo-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-usepreparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing.Methods for applying compound I and compositions thereof, respectively,on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dressing,coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methodsof the propagation material. Preferably, compound I or the compositionsthereof, respectively, are applied on to the plant propagation materialby a method such that germination is not induced, e.g. by seed dressing,pelleting, coating and dusting.

When employed in plant protection, the amounts of active substancesapplied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kgper ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05to 0.9 kg per ha, and in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.

In treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds, e.g. bydusting, coating or drenching seed, amounts of active substance of from0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plantpropagation material (preferably seeds) are generally required. In somecases the amount for seed treatment may be up to 100 kilogram per 100kilogram of seeds, or may even excess the seed weight.

When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amountof active substance applied depends on the kind of application area andon the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection ofmaterials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of activesubstance per cubic meter of treated material.

Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, ormicronutrients, and further pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides,fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) may be added to the activesubstances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, ifappropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agentscan be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in aweight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.

The user applies the composition according to the invention usually froma predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, oran irrigation system. Usually, the agrochemical composition is made upwith water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desiredapplication concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or theagrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.Usually, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of theready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural usefularea.

According to one embodiment, individual components of the compositionaccording to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binaryor ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank andfurther auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.

In a further embodiment, either individual components of the compositionaccording to the invention or partially premixed components, e.g.components comprising active compound I and active compounds II (andoptionally active compounds III), may be mixed by the user in a spraytank and further auxiliaries and additives may be added, if appropriate.

In a further embodiment, either individual components of the compositionaccording to the invention or partially premixed components, e.g.components comprising active compound I and active compounds II (andoptionally active compounds III), can be applied jointly (e.g. aftertank mix) or consecutively.

Applications

The compound I and the one or more compound(s) II (and optionallycompounds III) can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly orseparately, or in succession, that is immediately one after another andthereby creating the mixture “in-situ” on the desired location, as e.g.the plant, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generallynot having any effect on the result of the control measures.

The mixtures of the invention are employed as such or in form ofcompositions by treating the insects or the plants, plant propagationmaterials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms to beprotected from insecticidal attack with a insecticidally effectiveamount of the active compounds. The application can be carried out bothbefore and after the infection of the plants, plant propagationmaterials, such as seeds, soil, surfaces, materials or rooms by theinsects.

The compound I and the one or more compound(s) II are usually applied ina weight ratio of from 500:1 to 1:100, preferably from 20:1 to 1:50, inparticular from 5:1 to 1:20.

Depending on the desired effect, the application rates of the mixturesaccording to the invention are from 5 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from50 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from 50 to 750 g/ha.

The mixtures according to the invention are effective through bothcontact and ingestion.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixturesaccording to the present invention are employed via soil application.Soil application is especially favorable for use against ants, termites,crickets, or cockroaches.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, for useagainst non crop pests such as ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitoes,crickets, locusts, or cockroaches the mixtures according to the presentinvention are prepared into a bait preparation.

The bait can be a liquid, a solid or a semisolid preparation (e.g. agel).

Another aspect of the present invention is when preparing the mixtures,it is preferred to employ the pure active compounds I and II, to whichfurther active compounds, e.g. against harmful fungi or havingherbicidal activity, or growth-regulating agents or fertilizers can beadded.

Compositions of this invention may further contain other activeingredients than those listed above. For example fungicides, herbicides,fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, urea, potash, and superphosphate,phytotoxicants and plant growth regulators and safeners. Theseadditional ingredients may be used sequentially or in combination withthe above-described compositions, if appropriate also added onlyimmediately prior to use (tank mix). For example, the plant(s) may besprayed with a composition of this invention either before or afterbeing treated with other active ingredients.

The mixtures according to the invention can be applied to any and alldevelopmental stages, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests maybe controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat,breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of theinventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.

“Locus” means a plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment inwhich a pest is growing or may grow.

In general, “pesticidally effective amount” means the amount of theinventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures needed toachieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects ofnecrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, orotherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the targetorganism. The pesticidally effective amount can vary for the variousmixtures and/or compositions used in the invention. A pesticidallyeffective amount of the mixtures and/or compositions will also varyaccording to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effectand duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, andthe like.

The inventive mixtures or compositions of these mixtures can also beemployed for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects,acarids or nematodes comprising contacting a plant, or soil or water inwhich the plant is growing.

The inventive mixtures are effective through both contact (via soil,glass, wall, bed net, carpet, plant parts or animal parts), andingestion (bait, or plant part) and through trophallaxis and transfer.

Preferred application methods are into water bodies, via soil, cracksand crevices, pastures, manure piles, sewers, into water, on floor,wall, or by perimeter spray application and bait.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, for useagainst non crop pests such as ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitoes,crickets, locusts, or cockroaches the inventive mixtures are preparedinto a bait preparation.

The bait can be a liquid, a solid or a semisolid preparation (e.g. agel). The bait employed in the composition is a product which issufficiently attractive to incite insects such as ants, termites, wasps,flies, mosquitoes, crickets etc. or cockroaches to eat it. Thisattractant may be chosen from feeding stimulants or para and/or sexpheromones readily known in the art.

Methods to control infectious diseases transmitted by insects (e.g.malaria, dengue and yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, andleishmaniasis) with the inventive mixtures and their respectivecompositions also comprise treating surfaces of huts and houses, airspraying and impregnation of curtains, tents, clothing items, bed nets,tsetse-fly trap or the like. Insecticidal compositions for applicationto fibers, fabric, knitgoods, non-wovens, netting material or foils andtarpaulins preferably comprise a composition including the inventivemixtures, optionally a repellent and at least one binder.

The inventive mixtures and the compositions comprising them can be usedfor protecting wooden materials such as trees, board fences, sleepers,etc. and buildings such as houses, out-houses, factories, but alsoconstruction materials, furniture, leathers, fibers, vinyl articles,electric wires and cables etc. from ants and/or termites, and forcontrolling ants and termites from doing harm to crops or human being(e.g. when the pests invade into houses and public facilities).

In the case of soil treatment or of application to the pests dwellingplace or nest, the quantity of active ingredient(s) ranges from 0.0001to 500 g per 100 m², preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m².

Customary application rates in the protection of materials are, forexample, from 0.01 g to 1000 g of active compound(s) per m² treatedmaterial, desirably from 0.1 g to 50 g per m².

Insecticidal compositions for use in the impregnation of materialstypically contain from 0.001 to 95 weight %, preferably from 0.1 to 45weight %, and more preferably from 1 to 25 weight % of at least onerepellent and/or insecticide.

For use in bait compositions, the typical content of activeingredient(s) is from 0.0001 weight % to 15 weight %, desirably from0.001 weight % to 5% weight % of active compound. The composition usedmay also comprise other additives such as a solvent of the activematerial, a flavoring agent, a preserving agent, a dye or a bitteragent. Its attractiveness may also be enhanced by a special color, shapeor texture.

For use in spray compositions, the content of the mixture of the activeingredients is from 0.001 to 80 weights %, preferably from 0.01 to 50weight % and most preferably from 0.01 to 15 weight %.

For use in treating crop plants, the rate of application of the mixtureof the active ingredients of this invention may be in the range of 0.1 gto 4000 g per hectare, desirably from 25 g to 600 g per hectare, moredesirably from 50 g to 500 g per hectare.

The method of treatment according to the invention can also be used inthe field of protecting stored products or harvest against attack ofanimal pests, fungi and microorganisms. According to the presentinvention, the term “stored products” is understood to denote naturalsubstances of plant or animal origin and their processed forms, whichhave been taken from the natural life cycle and for which long-termprotection is desired. Stored products of crop plant origin, such asplants or parts thereof, for example stalks, leafs, tubers, seeds,fruits or grains, can be protected in the freshly harvested state or inprocessed form, such as pre-dried, moistened, comminuted, ground,pressed or roasted, which process is also known as post-harvesttreatment. Also falling under the definition of stored products istimber, whether in the form of crude timber, such as constructiontimber, electricity pylons and barriers, or in the form of finishedarticles, such as furniture or objects made from wood. Stored productsof animal origin are hides, leather, furs, hairs and the like. Thecombinations according the present invention can prevent disadvantageouseffects such as decay, discoloration or mold. Preferably “storedproducts” is understood to denote natural substances of plant origin andtheir processed forms, more preferably fruits and their processed forms,such as pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus fruits and theirprocessed forms.

In the context of the present invention, the term plant refers to anentire plant, a part of the plant or the plant propagation material.

The mixtures of the present invention and the compositions comprisingthem are particularly important in the control of a multitude of insectson various cultivated plants.

Plants which can be treated with the inventive mixtures include allgenetically modified plants or transgenic plants, e.g. crops whichtolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides owing tobreeding, including genetic engineering methods, or plants which havemodified characteristics in comparison with existing plants, which canbe generated for example by traditional breeding methods and/or thegeneration of mutants, or by recombinant procedures.

The term “plant propagation material” is to be understood to denote allthe generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plantmaterial such as cuttings and tubers (e.g. potatoes), which can be usedfor the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits,tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants.Seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted aftergermination or after emergence from soil, may also be mentioned. Theseyoung plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total orpartial treatment by immersion or pouring.

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood as including plantswhich have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or geneticengineering. Genetically modified plants are plants, which geneticmaterial has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniquesthat under natural circumstances cannot be obtained by cross breeding,mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes havebeen integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modifiedplant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood also including plantsthat have been rendered tolerant to applications of specific classes ofherbicides, such as hydroxy-phenylpyruvate dioxy-genase (HPPD)inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as sulfonylureas (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073) or imidazolinones (seee.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphatesynthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate (see e.g. WO 92/00377);glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as glufosinate (see e.g.EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) or oxynil herbicides (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No.5,559,024) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or geneticengineering. Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant toherbicides by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis), forexample Clearfield® summer rape (Canola) being tolerant toimidazolinones, e.g. imazamox. Genetic engineering methods have beenused to render cultivated plants, such as soybean, cotton, corn, beetsand rape, tolerant to herbicides, such as glyphosate and glufosinate,some of which are commercially available under the trade namesRoundupReady® (glyphosate) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate).

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood also including plantsthat are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesizeone or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from thebacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, suchas ä-endotoxins, e.g. CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b),CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP),e.g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteriacolonizing nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.;toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins,wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced byfungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barleylectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors,serine pro-tease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors;ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin,luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase,cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ionchannel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels;juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokininreceptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases orglucanases. In the context of the present invention these insecticidalproteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins,hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybridproteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains,(see, for example WO 02/015701). Further examples of such toxins orgenetically-modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins aredis-closed, for example, in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656,EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/018810 and WO 03/052073. The methodsfor producing such genetically modified plants are generally known tothe person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in thepublications mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained inthe genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing theseproteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups ofinsects, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects(Diptera), and butterflies (Lepidoptera).

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood also including plantsthat are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesizeone or more proteins to in-crease the resistance or tolerance of thoseplants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of suchproteins are the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PR proteins,see, for example EP-A 0 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (forexample potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting againstPhytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanumbulbocastanum) or T4-lyso-zym (e.g. potato cultivars capable ofsynthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteriasuch as Erwinia amylvora). The methods for producing such geneticallymodified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art andare described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood also including plantsthat are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesizeone or more proteins to increase the productivity (e.g. bio massproduction, grain yield, starch content, oil content or proteincontent), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limitingenviron-mental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial orviral pathogens of those plants.

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood also including plantsthat contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amountof substances of content or new substances of content, specifically toimprove human or animal nutrition, for ex-ample oil crops that producehealth-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9fatty acids (e.g. Nexera® rape).

The term “cultivated plants” is to be understood also including plantsthat contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amountof substances of content or new substances of content, specifically toimprove raw material production, for example potatoes that produceincreased amounts of amylopectin (e.g. Amflora® potato).

Some of the inventive mixtures have systemic action and can therefore beused for the protection of the plant shoot against foliar pests as wellas for the treatment of the seed and roots against soil pests.

Seed Treatment

The mixtures according to the present invention are therefore suitablefor the treatment of seeds in order to protect the seed from insectpest, in particular from soil-living insect pests and the resultingplant's roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects.

The protection of the resulting plant's roots and shoots is preferred.

More preferred is the protection of resulting plant's shoots frompiercing and sucking insects.

The present invention therefore comprises a method for the protection ofseeds from insects, in particular from soil insects and of theseedlings' roots and shoots from insects, in particular from soil andfoliar insects, said method comprising contacting the seeds beforesowing and/or after pregermination with mixtures according to thepresent invention. Particularly preferred is a method, wherein theplant's roots and shoots are protected, more preferably a method,wherein the plants shoots are protected form piercing and suckinginsects, most preferably a method, wherein the plants shoots areprotected from aphids.

The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds includingbut not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs,fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in apreferred embodiment true seeds.

The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniquesknown in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting,seed soaking and seed pelleting.

The present invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing theactive compound(s). The term “coated with and/or containing” generallysignifies that the active ingredient(s) are for the most part on thesurface of the propagation product at the time of application, althougha greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into thepropagation product, depending on the method of application. When thesaid propagation product are (re)planted, it may absorb the activeingredient.

Suitable seeds are seeds of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables,spices, ornamentals, for example seed of durum and other wheat, barley,oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize/sweet and field corn),soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice,oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes,grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin/squash,cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica species,melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such aspotatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias, geranium/pelargoniums,pansies and impatiens.

In addition, the mixtures according to the invention may also be usedfor the treatment seeds from plants, which tolerate the action ofherbicides or fungicides or insecticides owing to breeding, includinggenetic engineering methods.

For example, the active mixtures can be employed in treatment of seedsfrom plants, which are resistant to herbicides from the group consistingof the sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, glufosinate-ammonium orglyphosate-isopropylammonium and analogous active substances (see forexample, EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) (WO 92/00377) (EP-A-0257993, U.S.Pat. No. 5,013,659) or in transgenic crop plants, for example cotton,with the capability of producing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bttoxins) which make the plants resistant to certain pests (EP-A-0142924,EP-A-0193259),

Furthermore, the mixtures according to the present invention can be usedalso for the treatment of seeds from plants, which have modifiedcharacteristics in comparison with existing plants consist, which can begenerated for example by traditional breeding methods and/or thegeneration of mutants, or by recombinant procedures). For example, anumber of cases have been described of recombinant modifications of cropplants for the purpose of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants(e.g. WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806) or of transgenic cropplants having a modified fatty acid composition (WO 91/13972).

The seed treatment application of the mixtures is carried out byspraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and beforeemergence of the plants.

In the treatment of seeds the corresponding formulations are applied bytreating the seeds with an effective amount of the mixture according tothe present invention. Herein, the application rates of the activecompound(s) are generally from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed,preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particular from 1 gto 2.5 kg per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops such as lettuce therate can be higher.

Compositions, which are especially useful for seed treatment are e.g.:

A Soluble concentrates (SL, LS)

D Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)

E Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)

F Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)

G Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)

H Gel-Formulations (GF)

I Dustable powders (DP, DS)

Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowableconcentrates FS, solutions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, waterdispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SSand emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These formulations can beapplied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the seeds iscarried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after havingpregerminated the latter

In a preferred embodiment a FS formulation is used for seed treatment.Typically, a FS formulation may comprise 1-800 g/l of activeingredient(s), 1-200 g/l Surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l antifreezing agent, 0to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of asolvent, preferably water.

Preferred FS formulations of compounds of formula I for seed treatmentusually comprise from 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g/l) of the activeingredient(s), from 0.1 to 20% by weight (1 to 200 g/l) of at least onesurfactant, e.g. 0.05 to 5% by weight of a wetter and from 0.5 to 15% byweight of a dispersing agent, up to 20% by weight, e.g. from 5 to 20% ofan anti-freeze agent, from 0 to 15% by weight, e.g. 1 to 15% by weightof a pigment and/or a dye, from 0 to 40% by weight, e.g. 1 to 40% byweight of a binder (sticker/adhesion agent), optionally up to 5% byweight, e.g. from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a thickener, optionally from0.1 to 2% of an anti-foam agent, and optionally a preservative such as abiocide, antioxidant or the like, e.g. in an amount from 0.01 to 1% byweight and a fillerivehicle up to 100% by weight.

Seed Treatment formulations may additionally also comprise binders andoptionally colorants.

Binders can be added to improve the adhesion of the active materials onthe seeds after treatment. Suitable binders are block copolymers EO/POsurfactants but also polyvinylalcoholsl, polyvinylpyrrolidones,polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polybutenes, polyisobutylenes,polystyrene, polyethyleneamines, polyethyleneamides, polyethyleneimines(Lupasol®, Polymin®), polyethers, polyurethans, polyvinylacetate, tyloseand copolymers derived from these polymers.

Optionally, also colorants can be included in the formulation. Suitablecolorants or dyes for seed treatment formulations are Rhodamin B, C.I.Pigment Red 112, C.I. Solvent Red 1, pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigmentyellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigmentred 48:1, pigment red 57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigmentorange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigmentwhite 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10,basic red 108.

The invention also relates to seed comprising mixtures according to thepresent invention. The amount of the compound I or the agriculturallyuseful salt thereof will in general vary from 0.1 g to 100 kg per 100 kgof seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particularfrom 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops, e.g. such aslettuce, the rate can be higher. Also in some other cases the amount forseed treatment may be up to 100 kilogram of the active compound(s) per100 kilogram of seeds, or may even excess the seed weight.

EXAMPLES

B. Biology

Synergism can be described as an interaction where the combined effectof two or more compounds is greater than the sum of the individualeffects of each of the compounds. The presence of a synergistic effectin terms of percent control, between two mixing partners (X and Y) canbe calculated using the Colby equation (Colby, S. R., 1967, CalculatingSynergistic and Antagonistic Responses in Herbicide Combinations, Weeds,15, 20-22):

$E = {X + Y - \frac{XY}{100}}$

When the observed combined control effect is greater than the expectedcombined control effect (E), then the combined effect is synergistic.

The following tests demonstrate the control efficacy of compounds,mixtures or compositions of this invention on specific pests. However,the pest control protection afforded by the compounds, mixtures orcompositions is not limited to these species. In certain instances,combinations of a compound of this invention with other invertebratepest control compounds or agents are found to exhibit synergisticeffects against certain important invertebrate pests.

The analysis of synergism or antagonism between the mixtures orcompositions was determined using Colby's equation.

Biological Examples of the Invention

Test B.1 Control of Vetch Aphid (Megoura viciae)

For evaluating control of vetch aphid (Megoura viciae) through contactor systemic means the test unit consisted of 24-well-microtiter platescontaining broad bean leaf disks.

The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations offormulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the leaf disks at 2.5μl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of bothmixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixedtogether.

After application, the leaf disks were air-dried and 5-8 adult aphidsplaced on the leaf disks inside the microtiter plate wells. The aphidswere then allowed to suck on the treated leaf disks and incubated at23±1° C., 50±5% RH for 5 days.

Aphid mortality and fecundity was then visually assessed. The resultsare listed in table B.1.

TABLE B.1 Results Vetch Aphid ppm Average Control % Test B.1.1.carboxamide compound of formula I 0.5 0 Teflubenzuron 2 0Teflubenzuron + 2 + 0.5 100*  carboxamide compound of formula I TestB.1.2. carboxamide compound of formula I 0.02 0 Bilobalid 25 0Bilobalid + 25 + 0.02  75* carboxamide compound of formula I*synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

Test B.2 Control of Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

For evaluating control of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) the test unitconsisted of 24-well-microtiter plates containing an insect diet and20-30 A. grandis eggs.

The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations offormulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 20μl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of bothmixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixedtogether.

After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 23±1° C., 50±5%RH for 5 days.

Egg and larval mortality was then visually assessed. The results arelisted in table B.2.

TABLE B.2. Results Boll Weevil ppm Average (Control %) carboxamidecompound of formula I 0.5 0 Imidacloprid 10 0 Imidacloprid + 10 + 0.575* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic control effectaccording to Colby's equation

Test B.3 Control of Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegyptii)

Test Principle: Curative Ultrasonic Spraying of Larvae in Liquid Diet

For evaluating control of yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) the testunit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing 200 μl of tapwater per well and 5-15 freshly hatched A. aegypti larvae.

The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations offormulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at2.5 μl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of bothmixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixedtogether.

After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28±1° C., 80±5%RH for 2 days.

Larval mortality was then visually assessed. The results are listed intable B.3.

TABLE B.3 Results: Yellow Fever Mosquito ppm Average Control %carboxamide compound of formula I  0 + 0.5 0 Bifenthrin 40 + 0  0Bifenthrin + 40 + 0.5 100*  carboxamide compound of formula I*synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

Test B.4 Control of Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis virescens)

For evaluating control of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) the testunit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing an insect dietand 15-25 H. virescens eggs.

The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations offormulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 10μl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of bothmixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixedtogether.

After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28±1° C., 80±5%RH for 5 days. Egg and larval mortality was then visually assessed. Theresults are listed in table B.4.

TABLE B.4 Results Tobacco budworm ppm Average Control % Test B.6.1.:carboxamide compound of formula I 0.1 0 Teflubenzuron 50 0Teflubenzuron + 50 + 0.1 50* carboxamide compound of formula I TestB.6.2: carboxamide compound of formula I 0.5 50  Imidacloprid 0.4 0Imidacloprid + 0.4 + 0.5  100*  carboxamide compound of formula I*synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

Test B.5 Control of Mediterranean Fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata)

For evaluating control of Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata)the test unit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing aninsect diet and 50-80 C. capitata eggs.

The compounds and respective mixtures were formulated using a solutioncontaining 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrationsof formulated compounds and mixtures were sprayed onto the insect dietat 5 μl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of bothmixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixedtogether.

After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28±1° C., 80±5%RH for 5 days. Egg and larval mortality was then visually assessed. Theresults are listed in table B.5.

TABLE B.5 Results Mediterranean fruitfly ppm Average (Control %)carboxamide compound of formula I 0 0 Imidacloprid 10 25  Imidacloprid +10 + 0.1 75* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic controleffect according to Colby's equation

Test B.6 Control of Southern Green Stink Bug (Nezara viridula)

The compounds and respective mixtures were formulated using a solutioncontaining 50:50 water:acetone with 0.01 wt % Kinetic®. Whole GreenBeans were rinsed in a 1% bleach solution, triple rinsed with DI water,and allowed to air dry at least 30 minutes in the fume hood. They weredipped in treatment solutions for approximately 5 seconds and allowed toair dry for another 30 minutes in the fume hood. For maximum exposure,Southern Green Stink Bugs (SGSB, 4th instar) were dipped in treatmentsolution for approximately 3 seconds and allowed to air dry in a cuplined with filter paper and closed with a vented lid for approximately10 minutes in the fume hood. Three beans were placed in cups with a dryfilter paper in the bottom and a portion cup with a cotton wick forwater (=assay arena), and were infested with 4 SGSB per cup. Eachtreatment was replicated 3-fold (1 replicate=3 beans with 4 SGSB). Theassays arenas were held at 27° C. and 45% room humidity. Data wererecorded after 5 days as number of insects alive and dead. Nezaraviridula mortality (%) was calculated as: [(pre-treatment count−posttreatment count)/pre-treatment count]×100. The results are listed intable B.6.

TABLE B.6 Results Average Control % Nezara viridula ppm [observedmortality] Test B.8.1.: carboxamide compound of formula I 10 88Bilobalid 5 19 Bilobalid + 5 + 10 100 carboxamide compound of formula ITest B.8.2: carboxamide compound of formula I 1 13 carboxamide compoundof formula I 10 88 Ginkolide A 5 13 Ginkolide A + 5 + 10 94 carboxamidecompound of formula I Ginkolide A + 5 + 1  44 carboxamide compound offormula I

The following tests may further demonstrate the control efficacy ofcompounds, mixtures or compositions of this invention on specific pests:

Test BP.1 Control of Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae)

For evaluating control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) throughsystemic means the test unit consists of 96-well-microtiter platescontaining liquid artificial diet under an artificial membrane.

The compounds or mixtures are formulated using a solution containing 75%v/v water and 25% v/v DMSO. Different concentrations of formulatedcompounds or mixtures are pipetted into the aphid diet, using a custombuilt pipetter, at two replications.

For experimental mixtures in these tests identical volumes of bothmixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, are mixedtogether.

After application, 5-8 adult aphids are placed on the artificialmembrane inside the microtiter plate wells. The aphids are then allowedto suck on the treated aphid diet and incubated at about 23±1° C. andabout 50±5% RH for 3 days. Aphid mortality and fecundity is thenvisually assessed.

Test BP.2 Control of Caenorhabditis elegans

Test Principle: Curative Ultrasonic Spraying of Nematodes in Liquid Diet

For evaluating control of Caenorhabditis elegans the test unit consistsof microtiter plates (MTP), wherein each well is filled with 0.18 ml ofa C. Elegans suspension containing 60 to 100 individuals of C. elegansat mixed life stages in a liquid diet.

The compounds are formulated at desired concentration using a solutioncontaining 75% v/v water and 25% v/v DMSO. Different concentrations offormulated compounds are applied at 5 μl by ultrasonic spraying onto theliquid diet, at two replications.

After application, the treated microtiterplates are incubated in aclimatized test chamber at temperature of about 18+/−1° C. and 70+/−5%RH in the dark.

Assessment is made 4 days after treatment (DAT) using as criterionmovement of nematodes. Valid assessment values are at level 0, 50 and100, wherein 100 indicates no movement, 50 indicates few movement and 0indicates moderate to high movement.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A pesticidal mixture comprising as activecompounds 1) at least one pesticidal active carboxamide compound I offormula (I):

or a salt thereof and 2) at least one pesticidal active compound IIselected from the group consisting of bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin,and tefluthrin in synergistically effective amounts, wherein the activecompound I of formula I and the active compound II are present in aweight ratio of from 20:1 to 1:100.
 2. The pesticidal mixture of claim1, wherein at least one active compound II is bifenthrin.
 3. Thepesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein at least one active compound IIis lambda-cyhalothrin.
 4. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein atleast one active compound II is tefluthrin.
 5. A method for protectingplants from attack or infestation by insects comprising contacting theplant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with themixture of claim 1 in pesticidally effective amounts.
 6. A method forcontrolling insects comprising contacting an insect or their foodsupply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locus with the mixture ofclaim 1 in pesticidally effective amounts.
 7. A method for protection ofplant propagation material comprising contacting the plant propagationmaterial with the mixture of claim 1 in pesticidally effective amounts.8. A seed treated with the mixture of claim 1 in an amount of from 0.1 gto 100 kg per 100 kg of seeds.
 9. A pesticidal composition comprising aliquid or solid carrier and the mixture of claim
 1. 10. The pesticidalmixture of claim 1, wherein the compound I and the compound II arepresent in a weight ratio of 5:1 to 1:100.
 11. The pesticidal mixture ofclaim 10, wherein at least one active compound II is bifenthrin.
 12. Thepesticidal mixture of claim 10, wherein at least one active compound IIis lambda-cyhalothrin.
 13. The pesticidal mixture of claim 10, whereinat least one active compound II is tefluthrin.
 14. A method forprotecting plants from attack or infestation by insects comprisingcontacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant isgrowing, with the mixture of claim 10 in pesticidally effective amounts.15. A method for controlling insects comprising contacting an insect ortheir food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locus with themixture of claim 10 in pesticidally effective amounts.
 16. A method forprotection of plant propagation material comprising contacting the plantpropagation material with the mixture of claim 10 in pesticidallyeffective amounts.
 17. A seed treated with the mixture of claim 10 in anamount of from 0.1 g to 100 kg per 100 kg of seeds.
 18. The pesticidalmixture of claim 1, wherein the compound I and the compound II arepresent in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:50.